THE MONTHLY BULLETIN. 119 



light yellow to brown. The males are very minute and scarcely ever 

 seen. The eggs are nearly globular and slightly amber in color. 



Life History. — The females deposit from fifty to three hundred eggs, 

 covering a period of from two to four weeks. The most are laid dur- 

 ing the months of May, June and first half of July, though in some 

 sections all stages of the insect may be found. Young half-grown 

 scales are most abundant from September 15th to December 15th and 

 the full-grown females from February 15th to July 15th. They work 

 principall}^ upon the leaves of the trees, when they are young, but later 

 are found almost wholly on the limbs. 



Distribution. — Occurs throughout the entire State and is particu- 

 larly abundant and destructive in the citrus growing sections of the 

 southern part along the coast, and may well be termed the worst of 

 citrus insect pests. 



Food Plants. — All citrus trees; olive, apricot, guava, honey locust, 

 Irish juniper, pomegranate, Lombardy poplar, apple, prune, plum, 

 almond, pear, sycamore, oleander, pepper (Sckinus niolle) , sumach, 

 (Rhus), mountain holly or Christmas berry {Heteromeles arbutifolia) , 

 Baccharis viminea, rubber tree, Habrothamnus, Myoporum, Melal- 

 euca, laurel, holly, beech, ash, buckthorn, maple, Grevillea, Ligustrum,, 

 nightshade, Anfidesma, Duranta, Grewia, Thespesia, Cajanus, mag- 

 nolia, eucalyptus, grape, camellia, phlox, watermelon and asters. 



Control. — Fumigation : On citrus trees fumigate with from one half 

 to three fourths schedule No. 1, between September 1st and January 

 1st. If the hatch is very even and the work can be done early, the one 

 half schedule is sufficient, but for ordinary work three fourths of the 

 schedule is required. 



Sprays : On deciduous fruit and olive trees the following sprays may 

 be used when the scales are not more than half -grown : Water distillate 

 caustic soda mechanical mixture and distillate emulsion. 



Natural Enemies. — The ladybird beetles, Rhizohms ventralis, steel 

 blue {Orcus cJialybeus), Olla plagiata and Axion plagiatus work on 

 the young scales; the parasites, Scutellista cyanea and Tomocera cali- 

 fornica Haw., on the eggs and the internal parasite, Aphycus flavus 

 How., on the male scale. 



THE EUROPEAN FRUIT SCALE. 



Lecanium conii Bouche. 



(Eulecanium armeniacum Craw.) 



(Pig. 103.) 



General Appearance. — Similar to that of the soft brown scale {Coc- 

 cus hespcridum) but the adult forms are much more oval and of a 

 more reddish and darker color. 



Life History. — Gpeat quantities of very small eggs are laid under 



