380 THE MONTHLY BULLETIN. 



of a year's study was made and all the important facts about the insect 

 itself were found out, but after the first year the funds for investigation 

 lapsed and no adequate opportunity has since appeared for continuing 

 the work. 



As our knowledge goes at present, spraying for the nymphs in May 

 or the first part of June would pay well if the hoppers are present in 

 excessive numbers, or capturing by some mechanical means, preferably 

 in the early spring, when the shoots of the vine are six to eight inches 

 long. 



Chairman Cook. Ladies and gentlemen, this subject is open for dis- 

 cussion. 



A Member. I have been keeping my vineyard clean and since I have 

 I have not been bothered so much. I realize that the pests migrate con- 

 siderably, but if we keep a section thoroughly clean there is less liability 

 of the pest, and we can keep the trouble out for a season, but will they 

 work so much damage if they are forced to go from place to place? 



Prop. Quayle. In large sections that are kept clean there is perhaps 

 less liability of the vineyards being freely infested. The hoppers gener- 

 ally don't get in their deadly work until spring or until late in the sum- 

 mer. They may by that time spread generally over the section, but if 

 you can keep the vines more or less free until that time the injury will 

 not be very great. 



A MEMB]a]R. You are overlooking one point which is essential. Do 

 some of the hoppers that are alive in September remain alive all winter ? 



Prof. Quayle. Yes. I have noticed that the sections abounding 

 most with these pests are along the roadsides or on ditch banks, and 

 along fences and spots that are left uncared for, and around such places 

 they are most numerous and occur in great numbers. We should pay 

 more attention to keeping our farms clean during the months of Novem- 

 ber and December, and to a great extent this will eliminate this pest. 



Mr. Hampton. I have had some experience with this hopper. I have 

 a small vineyard, not more than five acres, and I have observed that 

 although this vineyard is kept clean during the summer that the next 

 spring the hopper will appear all around the edges, and that its appear- 

 ance around the edges where it has come in from the surrounding fields 

 and places where the insect has been harbored will show throughout the 

 whole season the great effect of the hopper, while the interior of the same 

 plot, not more than five acres, will not be affected nearly as much. This 

 would show that a large tract of land may be largely protected as my 

 vineyard was by careful cultivation and keeping all of the rubbish that 

 may be there out of the vineyard, and perhaps by catching the insects 

 early in the spring at their first appearance and destroying them. But 

 the small vineyardist will find that more difficult. Now I have been very 

 much impressed with what Professor Quayle has said in regard to the 

 first crop being the one which should be controlled if possible. I agree 



