THE MONTHLY BULLETIN. 443 



3. If lime-sulphur sprays do not injure fruit or foliage, and yet are 

 not equal to Bordeaux as a spray, is their use commercially profitable ? 



4. Can arsenate of lead be as safely and effectively used with these 

 sprays as with Bordeaux ? 



These cover the really important questions in the lime-sulphur 

 problem. It is, after all, of very secondary importance whether or not 

 lime-sulphur as a fungicide may be advantageously substituted in the 

 orchard for Bordeaux. The question of paramount importance is the 

 determination of its relation and action in conjunction with a reliable 

 insecticide. From the standpoint of general economy for the grower, 

 the only solution of the spraying problem will be a safe and effective 

 fungicide-insecticide combination. 



For the experiment in question an orchard section of 140 Ben Davis 

 trees, from 20 to 25 years of age, fairly uniform in size and condition, 

 promising a moderate yield per tree, was divided into 12 plots and 

 treated as follows : 



2 plots, checks, unsprayed. 



5 plots sprayed respectively with five different brands of com- 

 mercial lime-sulphur. 



1 plot sprayed with self -boiled lime-sulphur. 



1 plot sprayed with boiled lime-sulphur, homemade. 



2 plots sprayed with Bordeaux mixture of two different strengths. 

 1 plot sprayed with ' ' Sulfocide, ' ' a proprietary article advertised 



as a soluble sulphur spray, not a lime-sulphur. 



Arsenate of lead, used with all the solutions at the rate of 2 pounds 

 to 50 gallons of spray for the first application, and 3 pounds in the suc- 

 ceeding ones, was not added to the several mixtures until the time of 

 application. The sulphur containing solutions were, of course, diluted 

 for use according to their respective densities, and the Bordeaux made 

 up in the standard manner. 



Owing to the nature of the experiment, a hand pump outfit was used. 

 The three applications were exceedingly careful and thorough, and 

 occurred when the fruit buds began to show pink, immediately after the 

 petals fell and five weeks thereafter. 



The weather at the time of the first application was most favorable. 

 The days were bright, mild and calm. Between it and the second appli- 

 cation no injury could be found on any of the plots. 



The second application was interrupted and followed by weather of 

 the kind most favorable for the production of spray injury according 

 to previous experiences with Bordeaux. Showers interrupted and fol- 

 lowed the spraying and the temperature and humidity changes were 

 great and sharp. Cold, rainy periods were followed by bright, hot. 

 humid ones. If spray injury were to be done, these were the ideal 

 conditions for producing it. 



Observations made two to fifteen days after the second spraying 

 showed a comparatively small amount of leaf injury on all the sprayed 



