444 THE MONTHLY BULLETIN. 



plots except the self -boiled lime-sulphur. On those least affected it was 

 found only by the closest observation; on others it was more readily 

 seen, but on all the lime-sulphur plots w^hich were affected the injury 

 was so slight as to be entirely negligible, as far as the general health and 

 functions of the foliage were concerned. The foliage was spotted to a 

 vastly lesser degree than that of the Bordeaux plots, and although the 

 spots averaged larger in size than those from Bordeaux injury, the 

 individual leaves showed on an average fewer injured areas per leaf. 

 The third spraying had no ill effect upon any of the lime-sulphur plots. 



As the season advanced it was evident that so slight had been the 

 foliage injury from lime-sulphur, even in the most severe cases, that 

 to the general observer it passed unnoticed, and had no noticeable 

 effects whatsoever upon the functions of the trees in developing fruit 

 or wood. The leaves developed well, were thrifty and green, and, 

 although scab could be found, it did not develop to an appreciable 

 extent. No yellowing whatsoever was seen on these trees, and the 

 leaves remained on them until long after the fruit was harvested. 



The self-boiled lime-sulphur plot suffered no leaf injury at any time 

 during the season. The foliage was notably thrifty and green. On the 

 other hand, leaves as well as fruit seemed to be considerably more 

 affected with scab, showing that the self-boiled preparation is not as 

 effective as the boiled sprays. 



Coming now to the fruit from these lime-sulphur sprayed trees, we 

 found it notably larger, cleaner and of better color on the average 

 that that from either Bordeaux or check plots. So far, therefore, as 

 foliage injur^y and fungus control are concerned, the lime-sulphur sprays 

 were a distinct success during the season on Ben Davis trees. 



In regard to the fruit, none of the lime-sulphur sprays, not even the 

 self-boiled, were entirely successful in preventing russeting or even 

 malformation. In all cases, however, the per cent of deformed fruit 

 was very small, and this peculiar fact must be noted : it ivas in all cases 

 hut one no greater in amount, or less than that found on the unsprayed 

 trees, where the deformity was doubtless produced by natural causes. 

 Hence it is difficult to say exactly how much of this deformity, if any, 

 v/as directly due to the spray, and how much to agencies that caused the 

 russeting and malformation on the unsprayed trees. However, it was 

 only one third as great as that on the Bordeaux plots. Of one thing 

 we may be reasonably certain, judging by past experience. When con- 

 ditions are right for producing injury to unsprayed fruit by natural 

 agencies we cannot hope to escape it on the sprayed trees. 



The Bordeaux plots showed the characteristic effects on leaf and fruit. 

 Ijeaves were badly spotted and the fruit russeted and severely deformed 

 to quite an extent. The foliage very evidently suffered in thriftiness, 

 as could be noted by the casual observer comparing these with the 

 lime-sulphur plots. Moreover, there was a slight amount of yellowing 

 and some leaf fall during the season, neither of which, as already stated, 

 occurred on the lime-sulphur plots. No noticeable differences were seen 

 between the trees of the Bordeaux plots of different strengths. 



