THE MONTHLY BULLETIN. 



445 



All in all, the lime-sulphur plots showed to decided advantage over 

 Bordeaux in their effect on foliage and fruit and also in control of the 



scab fungus. 



We come now to consider the one other sprayed plot,— that treated 

 with Sulfocide. The injury done in this division was extreme. After 

 the second spraying the leaves showed widespread injury two days 

 after the application. The tissues were in cases thoroughly scorched. 

 Defoliation was severe and the growing processes of the trees appreciably 

 hindered for the season. Not only was the fruit badly damaged after 

 the second application, but more injury was done it after the third, 

 which was applied at a dilution greater than the weakest recommended 

 by the manufacturer. The fruit was stunted in growth, deformed, 

 and badly cracked and blackened at the calyx, or "blow" end. In 

 some cases the calyx end was sunken, in others a similar burning of the 

 tissues was found on the side of the apple, sometimes accompanied by 

 splitting of the skin. Almost 50 per cent of the fruit on this plot was 

 affected to some degree. 



On the check or unsprayed plots, one at each end of the experimental 

 block, scab played havoc on both fruit and foliage. In addition, these 

 were the only plots where insect injury occurre<i to any cvteut at all. 

 On all sprayed plots the arsenate proved most efficacious. 



In taking the data for this experiment at harvest each fruit of the 

 entire crop was carefully examined for traces of scab, deformity or 

 insect injury. Without burdening you with tables, the results may be 

 summarized as follows: The unsprayed plots showed 58 per cent of 

 scabby fruit. The five commercial lime-sulphur plots showed an average 

 of 8.8 per cent; the self -boiled lime-sulphur, 15.4 per cent; the home- 

 made boiled solution, 14.7 per cent; and the strong and weak Bordeaux 

 mixtures gave scab percentages of 16.7 and 14 respectively. 



The Sulfocide plot showed the .smallest per cent of scab — 5.5. This 

 advantage, however, is clearly offset by the huge per cent of deformed 

 and burned fruit, namely 44.3. The amount of russeted and deformed 

 fruit, as aforesaid, was no greater on the lime-sulphur plots than on the 

 unsprayed ones, where the percentages ranged from 1.9 to 2. 1. Hence 

 no injury could be definitely ascribed to the lime-sulphur solutions. In 

 the case of Bordeaux, however, the per cent of deformed and russeted 

 fruit raises noticeably to 5.7 and 6.7. 



A comparison of insect control showed 13.7 per cent and 7.3 per cent 

 of wormy fruit on the unsprayed plots, and values ranging from 0.1 per 

 cent to 1.9 per cent on the sprayed plots. The injury in the latter cases 

 was done chiefly by the apple curculio, which is not a leaf or fruit 

 devouring insect, and arsenieals are recognized as being of little prac- 

 tical use in its control. For the insects producing wormy fruit, there- 

 fore, the effectiveness of lead arsenate was practically 100 per cent. 



The conclusions to be drawn from the above results were profoundly 

 affected by some unknown factor, generally ascribed to the weather, 

 which produced the severe russeting and malformation on unsprayed 



