THE MONTHLY BULLETIN. 617 



advancing margins of diseased areas in the bark and wood, and were 

 not found in the exuded gum nor in the tissue already thoroughly per- 

 meated with gum. 



The grey fungus (Botrytis) gummosis is characterized by a killing 

 of the outer layer of bark much in advance of the inner, and by a soften- 

 ing of the bark and production of spores in moist weather, where the 

 bark is entirely killed to the wood. 



The brown rot (Pijthiacystis) gummosis is characterized by a killing 

 of the bark to the wood as the area of infection advances, without out- 

 ward evidence of fungus at any time, the bark remaining hard during 

 all stages of the disease. 



The concentrated Bordeaux mixture or Bordeaux paste in about the 

 proportion of 1 pound of bluestone, 2 pounds unslaked lime to about 

 1| gallons of water has given promising results in the treatment of 

 these two forms of gummosis, providing the diseased areas were properly 

 prepared before its application. 



SOME FIELD NOTES ON A SOFT GRAY SCALE KNOWN 

 LOCALLY AS THE "LONGULUS" SCALE. 



By Delacourt Kell, County Horticultural Inspector, Pomona and Claremont district. 



This scale is somewhat prevalent in my district, and hitherto has been 

 very little affected by fumigation with hydrocyanic acid gas carried out 

 at the time at which the best results can be looked for on the black scale. 



The following notes, containing the experimental fumigation under- 

 taken to determine at what season, if any, this scale could be killed, 

 may therefore be of interest to those who have it in their groves and 

 are fumigating this year. I believe Mr. R. S. Woglum is conducting 

 some fumigation experiments for it on a larger scale, which should give 

 us more reliable results, but meanwhile the following may be of some 

 use. 



Some of the notes are taken from my article in the Pomona College 

 Journal of Entomology for November, 1912. 



T believe the species of this scale has not yet been oiftcially deter- 

 mined. It is known in my district as the "longulus" scale. It occurs 

 also in other parts of this State. 



This scale is somewhat similar to the soft brown scale (Coccus hes- 

 peridum) but is grayer, less shiny and the young are more transparent 

 and lie flatter to the leaf, appearing to adhere closely to it as a mere 

 film. The ants do not foster it to the same extent as they do Coccus 

 hesperidum. 



The scale is practically viviparous, though eggs can occasionally be 

 found along with the live young under the old shells. The hatch appears 

 to be fairly regular, extending from about May 1st to August 21st, in 

 the two years I have had it under observation. Mr. Roy Campbell, who 

 is working on the life history of this scale, tells me that he has counted 

 as many as 500 young from one scale. 



The adult scales vary much in size, giving the appearance of an 

 uneven hatch, but one finds the quite small ones bringing forth young 

 at the same time as those that are perhaps six times their size. The 

 biggest are larger than the largest soft brown scale. 



