662 THE MONTHLY BULLETIN. 



The State Insectary has been in the past and is now making every 

 effort to secure and establish a parasite which will kill the immature 

 scale. On August 19th, through the kindness of Mr. H. A. Ballon of 

 the Imperial Department of Agriculture of the West Indies, we received 

 a small shipment of half-grown black and hemispherical scales para- 

 sitized by Zalophothrix sp., which is not unlike our own Corny s fusca, 

 the parasite of the brown apricot scale, in habits. "We have now on 

 hand a number of adults of Zalopliothrix and an attempt v/ill be made 

 to estal)lish them in California. — E. J. Vosler. 



MELANOSE (Stem-End Rot). 



Melanose, a common disease of nearly all varieties of citrus fruit in 

 Florida, though not yet in California, is now discovered to be caused 

 by the same organism that produces the serious affection, Stem-End Rot 

 (Florida Bulletin No. 111). Melanose is characterized by small black 

 dots ringed with white, the rings invisible to the naked vision. In itself 

 it does no harm except a slight disfigurement. Stem-end rot attacks 

 the mature, or nearly mature, fruit in the grove, in storage or after 

 shipment. As it destroys all our common varieties of citrus fruit, we 

 should try in every way to keep it from California. This is why we 

 Itar out all Florida fruit that shows Melanose. Of course, w^e are most 

 menaced by grape fruit, as no other is likely to be shipped into our 

 State. All of our county horticultural commissioners must be on the 

 lookout for Melanose, and should at once learn to detect it, in case 

 this fungus comes into any of our citrus districts. — A. J. Cook. 



ARIZONA COMMISSION OF AGRICULTURE AND 



HORTICULTURE. 



PRESS CIRCULAR NO. 4. FEB. 8, 1913. 



Arizona Inspection Practices Relating to Crown Gall. 



Nearly all deciduous fruit growers are familiar with the tree disease 

 known as "crown gall." This trouble is caused by a bacterial organ- 

 ism which attacks a great many different trees and plants, causing 

 various types of abnormal growths. In some cases the crown of the 

 trees or the roots develop large, more or less rounded, hard galls; in 

 other cases the galls are more irregular in shape, and soft; in still 

 others the infection results in a soft, flattened, callus growth, from 

 which many fibrous roots develop, producing the effect commonly 

 known as "hairy root." 



Crown gall is not ranked as a necessarily fatal disease of fruit trees. 

 It is known to vary in the degree of its injuriousjiess under different 

 conditions. In Arizona many bearing deciduous fruit trees have been 

 destroyed or rendered unprofitable by this disease and all of the best 

 authorities are agreed that under all conditions nursery stock affected 

 with it should be discarded and never planted. Crown gall affected 

 trees are commercially worthless and all reputable nurserymen endeavor 



