30 FORESTRY [Bot. Absts., Vol. V, 



215. Massias, J. Les forets de Grece. [The forests of Greece.] Rev. Eaux et Forets 

 57: 237-247. 1919. — Prior to 1913 the forest area of Greece, excluding areas once forested but 

 now devastated, amounted to some 800,000 hectares, or about 12 per cent of the total area 

 of the country. Including the new provinces added by the war, the total forest area is about 

 13 per cent. Approximately 50 per cent belongs to the State, 20 per cent to convents and com- 

 munes, and 30 per cent to private owners. Aleppo pine constitutes 35 per cent of the stands, 

 Cephalonian fir 25 per cent, and various oaks 20 per cent. The value of the forest products 

 harvested annually, including timber, fuel, charcoal, resin, forage, and other minor products, 

 amounts to about 3,300,000 francs, of which nearly one-half is fuel. — All forests, both public 

 and private, are theoretically subject to a forest regime in the department of Agriculture, 

 but lack of personnel makes this control ineffective. Even in the State forests there are no 

 real plans of management. These, as well as certain private forests, are heavily burdened 

 with various rights of use which have resulted in serious damage, particularly through the un- 

 restricted grazing of sheep and goats. The forests themselves are not subject to a land tax, 

 but forest products (with certain exceptions, the most important of which is fuel harvested 

 by the peasants for their own use) are taxed at varying rates according to the nature of the 

 product and the character of the ownership. Recent laws aim to secure better fire protection, 

 the reforestation of denuded lands, the codification and revision of existing rights of user, and 

 improved management of all forest lands, both public and private. There are two schools 

 for the training of guards and rangers and one (at Athens) for the training of higher forest 

 officers. — S. T. Dana. 



216. Mattoon, Wilbur R. Making woodlands profitable in the Southern States. U. S. 

 Dept. Agric. Farmers Bull. 1071. 88 p. 55 fig. 1920. 



217. Mattoon, Wilbur R. Treating fence posts on farm. Louisiana State Univ. Div. 

 Agric. Exp. Circ. 37. 20 p. 11 fig. 1920. — Fence posts treated with creosote and set in the 

 ground at Calhoun, Louisiana, in 1908 were examined after 10 years. Of the black gum 

 posts, 97 per cent were sound; cypress, 96 per cent; tupelo gum, S8 per cent; sweet gum, 87 

 per cent ; sap pine, 73 per cent ; baj% 68 per cent. Methods of treating posts are also discussed. 

 — C. W. Edgerton. 



218. Miller, Robert B. The wood of Machaerium Whitfordii. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 

 47: 73-79. 8 fig. 1920. — A study is made of the wood of Machaerium Whitfordii Macbride, 

 which came from Colombia. Color, density and other gross characters are given; it is related 

 to the true rosewoods and is of commercial importance. It is diffuse porous, usually has uni- 

 seriate rays, storied arrangement of elements, small half-bordered pits between vessels and 

 ray cells, and sieve-like perforations of pit membrane. Wood parenchyma is diffuse, para- 

 tracheal, and on the face of the summer wood. — P. A. Mum. 



219. Morrison, W. G. Natural afforestation in a New Zealand mountain area. Austral- 

 inn Forest. Jour. 2: 380-384. 1919. — The first installment of a discussion treating the merits 

 of natural regeneration by seed with particular reference to the indigenous forests of the 

 Hanmer area. It is contended that natural regeneration ought to be accomplished at less 

 than one-tenth the cost of relativelv cheap planting methods. [See also next following Entry, 

 220.]— C. F. Korstian. 



220. Morrison, W. G. Natural afforestation in a New Zealand mountain area. Austral- 

 ian Forest. Jour. 3: 23-25. 55-58. 1920. — A continuation and final installment of an article, 

 the first part of which has been abstracted. The spontaneous reproduction of exotic shelter 

 plantations on the Hanmer Plains is described. Pinus radiata, P. pinaster, Betula alba, 

 Quercus pedunculata and Larix europea were found reproducing themselves from seed at 

 rates varying from several hundred to tens of thousands per acre depending on the species, 

 the distance from seed trees and site conditions. The mean annual rainfall for the years 1905 

 to 1918 is approximately 48 inches, which is well above the safety limit for successful planta- 



