72 MORPHOLOGY, ETC., VASC. PLANTS [Bot. Absts., Vol. V, 



juices. Biochem. Jour. 13: 272-277. 1919. — The following points were taken up: (1) does 

 rapid freezing by liquid air produce any alteration in character of the sample, (2) does freez- 

 ing render tissues freely permeable to all those constituents of the cell sap present in expressed 

 juice, (3) the probable error due to individual variability in apples used. Comparisons were 

 made of Ph values, freezing points, time and fall of viscometer, conductivity, acidity, and 

 determination of sugars. No real difference was found between liquid air and freezing mix- 

 ture method. Tissues were freely permeable to acids and sugars but colloids were held back 

 as indicated by changing viscosity. Samples varied greatly resulting in a large probable 

 error. Authors conclude that neglect of sampling errors in previous work of this nature viti- 

 ates much data. — A. R. Davis. 



542. Jamiesom, George S., and Walter F. Baughman. Okra ssad oil. Jour. Amer. 

 Chem. Soc. 42: 166-170. 1920. 



MORPHOLOGY, ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY OF VASCULAR 



PLANTS 



E. W. Sinnott, Editor 



543. Baccarini, P. Notule teratologiche. [Teratological notes.] Nuovo Gior. Bot. 

 Ital. 25: 225-247. 1918. — Abnormalities in flower development and morphology were noticed 

 among members of diverse plant groups: Delphinium Ajacis, Brassica Rapa, Isatis tinctoria, 

 Viburnum Sandankwa, Dahlia variabilis, Cypripedium sp., Carlina vulgaris and Anchusa 

 italica. The abnormalities consist in depression, entire disappearance or malformation of 

 floral parts, notably the essential parts of the flower. In some cases, for example in Del- 

 phinium Ajacis, the reduction in the number of carpels suggests the reappearance of char- 

 acters found at present in the Staphysagria group. — Ernst Arlschwager. 



544. Bassler, Harvey. A sporangiophoric lepidophyte from the Carboniferous. Bot. 

 Gaz. 68: 73-108. Aug., 1919.— See Bot. Absts. 3, Entry 1597. 



545. Bexon, Dorothy. Observations on the anatomy of teratological seedlings. II. On 

 the anatomy of some polycotylous seedlings of Centranthus ruber. Ann. Botany 34: 81-94. 

 9 fig. 1920. — The vascular anatomy of seedlings of Centranthus ruber showing all degrees of 

 polycotyly from very incomplete tricotyly to complete tetracotyly is described. The hemi- 

 tricotylous material is divisible into three groups: (a) Two bundles, one from each half of 

 the incompletely split cotyledon, approach and fuse at various levels to form one pole of the 

 diarch root, the other pole being formed by the bundle from the other cotyledon, (b) The 

 two bundles remain distinct for a distance in the hypocotyl forming with the bundle from the 

 other cotyledon a triarch condition, which eventually becomes reduced to diarchy by the fusion 

 of the two bundles from the same cotyledon, (c) One bundle from the split cotyledon fails 

 to rotate, retains its collateral structure and finally disappears. In the tricotyls a triarch con- 

 dition is usually established, and becomes reduced to the diarch condition either by the dis- 

 appearance of one arm or by the fusion of the two. The hemitetracotyls and tetracotyls 

 for the most part show conditions like those described under (a) and (b) above with the modi- 

 fications resulting from the splitting of both original cotyledons instead of one. One hemi- 

 iotracotyl showed double structure throughout and evidently represented a twinned condi- 

 1 ion. It is suggested that the twinning may be due either to the fusion of distinct embryos 

 or to the partial separation of the daughter cells resulting from the division of the embryo 

 initial. — W. P. Thompson. 



546. Bobilioff, W. De inwendige bouw der schorselementen ven Hevea Brasiliensis. 

 [The structure of cell elements in the bark of Hevea Brasiliensis. 1 Arch. Rubbercult. Neder- 

 landsch-Indie 3 : 222-231. 1919. — Paper deals principally with the structure of the laticiferous 

 vessels of Hevea and their cytology in connection with the physiological significance of latex. 



