118 PHYSIOLOGY [Bot. Absts., Vol. V, 



856. Shtjll, C. A. Curing timber. [Rev. of: Stone, Herbert. The ascent of the sap 

 and the drying of timber. Quart. Jour. Forest. 12:261-266. 1918.] Bot. Gaz. 68:310. 1919. 

 —See Bot. Absts. 5, Entry 233. 



MINERAL NUTRIENTS 



857. Espino, Raf. B. Methods in nutrition experiments. [Rev. of: Schreiner, Oswald, 

 and J. J. Skinner. The triangle system for fertilizer experiments. Jour. Amer. Soc. Agron. 

 10:225-246. 1918.] Plant World 22: 53-54. 1919. 



858. Girard, Pierre. Scheme physique pour servir a l'etude de la nutrition minerale 

 de la cellule. [Physical scheme to serve for a study of the mineral nutrition of the cell. | Compt. 

 Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris 168: 1335-1338. 1919. — The object of this work is to demonstrate in 

 vitro the principles which bear on the differential permeability of the plasma membrane. 

 By the use of barium chloride combined with various other chemicals, using a gold beater's 

 skin, the author finds that differential permeability can be demonstrated. The phenomenon 

 is explained on an electrical basis and is attributed to the ionization of the substances in 

 solution. — V. H. Young. 



859. Hoagland, D. R. Relation of nutrient solution to composition and reaction of cell 

 sap of barley. Bot. Gaz. 68: 297-304. 1919.— The osmotic pressures in the sand and water 

 cultures of barley are reflected in the cell sap of the tops and roots. The electrical conduc- 

 tivity of the nutrient solution has a marked influence on the conductivity of the sap, both in 

 tops and in roots; the conductivity of the sap is from 4 to 50 times greater than that of the 

 nutrient solution. The sap from the tops of plants in all cultures had almost the same P H 

 value, approximately 6.0. Plants were grown in 6 different soils and in every case the sap 

 concentration was much greater than that of the soil solution. Emphasis is placed on the 

 dynamic nature of the relation between the soil solution and the plant. — H. C. Cowles. 



860. Le Clerc, J. A., and J. F. Breazeale. Effect of lime upon the sodium-chlorid 

 tolerance of wheat seedlings. Jour. Agric. Res. 18: 347-356. PI. 88-47. 1920.— The work was 

 done with reference to "alkali" soils. Soil, sand, and solution cultures were used, since inert 

 material might affect the toxic limits of dissolved salts. It is found that plants in soil and 

 sand show higher tolerance to alkali salts than solution cultures. This is not due entirely 

 to the physical effect of the presence of solid particles of different degrees of fineness, but also 

 to certain soluble substances which are present in very small quantities. — Very small amounts 

 of calcium oxide and calcium sulfate overcome the toxic effects of sodium chlorid and sodium 

 sulfate. Magnesium sulfate and barium chlorid are slightly antagonistic to sodium chlorid, 

 while potassium chlorid, sodium nitrate, sodium phosphate, ferric chlorid, and alum had 

 no effect on its toxicity. — The presence of lime did not prevent the entrance of sodium chlorid 

 or sodium sulfate into the plant. The antagonistic effect of lime seems to be due to some other 

 cause than its effect on permeability. — D. Reddick. 



861. Livingston, B. E. [Under Notes and Comment, no special title.] Plant World 

 22: 26-27. 1919. — A discussion of work by F. W. Gericke on a preliminary test of the influ- 

 ence of temperature upon the physiological balance of the nutrient solution as related to 

 germination in wheat. Stress is laid on the need of quantitative definition of all effective 

 conditions in experimental work. — Chas. A. Shull. 



862. Shive, JohnW. Relation of moisture in solid substrata to physiological salt balance 

 for plants and to the relative plant-producing value of various salt proportions. Jour. Agric. 

 Res. 18: 357-378. 1920. — Three different degrees of moisture were maintained in sand cul- 

 tures, 40, 60 and 80 per cent of the water-retaining capacity of the sand. Tests were made 

 with 36 different sets of salt proportions of the three salts, monopotassium phosphate, calcium 

 nitrate, and magnesium sulfate in solutions with each of the moisture percentages noted. 

 The solutions, all having an initial total osmotic concentration of 1.75 atmospheres, were 



