No. 2, September, 1920] FORESTRY 173 



1301. Bowles, J. Hoopek. The California gray squirrel an enemy to the Douglas fir. 

 Amer. Forestry 26: 26. 1920. — A loss amounting to hundreds of thousands of dollars, caused 

 by girdling of the trees by the squirrel. — Olias. //. Otis. 



1302. Bridel, M. Marc. Application de la methode biochemique aux rameaux et aux 

 ecores de diverses especes du genre Populus. [Application of the biochemical method to the 

 branches and barks of various species of the genus Populus.] Jour. Pharm. et Chim. 19: 

 429-434. Also Ibid. 20: 14-23. 1919.— Sec Bot. Absts. 3, Entry 2841. 



1303. Brown, Nelson Courtlandt. The royal Italian forestry college. Jour. Forestry 

 17: 807-812. 1919. — A brief history of forest education in Italy is given with a description of 

 the school at Vallombrosa. The school has a high scholastic requirement and courses and 

 hours of work do not differ greatly from American practice. — E. N. Munns. 



1304. Brown, W. H. Philippine fiber plants. Forestry Bur. Philippine Islands Bull. 

 19: 1-115. 28 pi. 1919. — A general consideration of Philippine fiber producing plants with 

 descriptions, occurrence, local names, methods of extracting fibers, and the uses to which 

 the fibers are put. About 150 species are considered. — E. D. Merrill. 



1305. Bruce, Donald. Alinement charts in forest mensuration. Jour. Forestry 17: 

 773-801. 15 fig. 1919. — Alinement charts are adapted for formulae involving three variables. 

 The development and principles underlying these devices with their application in problems 

 of mensuration in determining the volume of trees is given in detail with illustrations as to 

 their practical use. Advantages of much quicker computation and ease of construction are 

 claimed over the use of slide rules and sets of curves employed in the past. — E. N. Munns. 



1306. Butler, Ovid M. Relation of research in forest products to forest administration. 

 Jour. Forestry 18: 275-283. 1920. — Silviculture cannot overlook the technical quality of the 

 wood in its forest practice as the latter is influenced by silvicultural practices. Growth influ- 

 ences the technical properties of the wood greatly in seasoning, in strength and in use. Me- 

 chanical and physical qualities have already shown a close relation to rate and character of 

 growth, and chemical uses may do likewise. — E. N. Munns. 



1307. Cabrera, Teodoro. La utilidad de los guayabos. [Uses of the guava trees.] 

 Revist. Agric. Com. y Trab. 2: 628. 1919. 



130S. Carter, H. Report on forest administration in Burma, for year ended June 30, 

 1918. 114 P-, 1 pl- Rangoon, British India, 1919. — At the close of the year the aggregate area 

 of the reserved forests was 29,116 square miles, about one-fifth of the total forest area of the 

 province, and in addition there are large tracts proposed for reservation. The area under 

 approved working plans is 10,832 square miles, or 37 per cent of the total reserved area. A 

 system of cultivation called taungya (shifting cultivation, i.e., an area cleared and burned 

 in hilly country for shifting cultivation) is practiced on areas aggregating 1,230 square miles 

 of reserved forests by the wild hill tribes, comparatively low in the scale of civilization. When 

 uncontrolled this system causes greater and more permanent damage than a fire. These wild 

 tribes will not undertake permanent cultivation and are averse to settling in the plains. The 

 problem is difficult but it is expected to regulate the taungyas by rotation in connection with 

 the control of forest villages and also obviate local shortages of forest labor. By this plan 

 the jungle tribes could be provided with all the virgin soil they require and the abandoned 

 taungyas be stocked with a valuable forest crop. In a search for sites suitable for the exten- 

 sion of cinchona the following is reported of the damage by the taungya system:"Land with 

 the necessary soil conditions has been very much to seek. Areas, some of which half a century 

 or more ago would probably have afforded the requisite conditions, have been ruined by 

 the practice of the jungle tribes of the pernicious system of shifting cultivation known in South 

 India as kumri, in Burma as taungya and in Assam as jhum, by which enormous stretches 

 of magnificent forest have been destroyed and the surface soil exhausted and more or less 



