No. 2, September, 1920J FORESTRY 177 



national policy was adopted in 1810, and by 1864 the forestation of the 250,000 acres of dunes 

 bordering the Landes was practically completed. Since that date the work has consisted 

 largely in the care of the plantations established, the construction of new ramparts along 

 the coast where dangerous dunes were forming, the extension of the successive zones of vege- 

 tation up to the limits of security thus established and the administration of the maritime 

 pine forests which have been created. The successful reforestation of the dunes gave great 

 impetus to the planting of maritime pine throughout the entire Landes. Today the Landes 

 are a vast pinery, interspersed with little meadows and neat farms and traversed by a network 

 of surfaced highways. — In the control of torrential erosion in the Alps and Pyrenees, France 

 has been confronted with a far more difficult problem, which is, essentially, one in social 

 economies. Following terrible floods in 1859, a reforestation law was passed in 1860, and by 

 1882 reforestation projects in the mountains had reached a total of some 350,000 acres. New 

 laws passed at this time provided for more reduced areas for planting and other intensive meth- 

 ods, being limited to the immediate channels or slopes where erosion was taking place, and the 

 establishment of large protection belts in the mountains, surrounding the limited water 

 courses in which serious erosion was actually taking place. Further, the grazing of certain 

 communal pasture lands was placed under public control. Human obstacles have prevented 

 the perfect working of these measures. In controlling erosion, the line of attack is to reduce 

 the trickling action of water on slopes, prevent the starting of gullies and hold loose soil or 

 rock in place. This is accomplished by tree planting and by the employment of dams. — Chas. 

 H. Otis. 



1332. Greeley, W. B. Private forestry in France. Amer. Forestry 26: 139-143. 2 fig. 

 1920. 



1333. Greeley, W. B. Self-government in forestry. Jour. Forestry 18: 103-105. 1920.— 

 Comment on national forest policy. — E. N. Munns. 



1334. Griffin, Gertrude J. Bordered pits in Douglas fir: a study of the position of the 

 torus in mountain and lowland specimens in relation to creosote penetration. Jour. Forestry 

 17: 813-822. / fig. 1919. — Examination of the pits in Douglas fir showed a tendency in the 

 torus of the mountain wood to aspirate (close) the pit while the opposite was true of the low- 

 land woods, oven drying increasing the aspirated tori in both mountain and lowland varieties. 

 In both sapwood and heartwood of the mountain variety, a large proportion of aspirated tori 

 were found in air-dried wood, while only in the spring wood of the heartwood were the tori 

 aspirated. Penetration of creosote was found to coincide directly with the number of aspi- 

 rated tori. Subsequent treatments of air-dried material failed to open the tori when once 

 aspirated, though soaking in alcohol before drying prevented their closing. — E. N. Munns. 



1335. Gujer, A. Zu unserer Titulaturfrage. [The question of titles.] Schweiz. Zeitschr. 

 Forstw. 71: 78-81. 1920. — The present titles are objectionable because they do not express 

 the grade of the position and do not differentiate between the practical and technical posi- 

 tions. — It is proposed to replace "Forster" and "Oberforster" by "Forster" and "Forst- 

 meister." "Forster" should apply to practical positions and "Forstmeister" to technical 

 positions. The title could be .used to cover all positions such as Kreis-, Bezirks-, Stadt-, 

 Gemeinde- or Korporationsforstmeister. Such titles would eliminate the general usage of 

 "Forster" for all employees in the profession of forestry. — J. V. Hofmann. 



1336. Guthrie, John D. Women as forest guards. Jour. Forestry 18: 151-153. 1920. 



1337. Hall, S. J. Trees that are older than history. Sci. Amer. 122: 303. 2 fig. 1920.— 

 Concerns the Sequoia. — Chas. II. Otis. 



1338. Harvey, LeRoy H. A coniferous sand dune in Cape Breton Island [Nova Scotia . 

 Bot. Gaz. 51 : 417-426. 8 fig. May, 1919.— See Bot. Absts. 4, Entry 288. 



