No. 2, September, 1920] FORESTRY 1 87 



At the present time there are 52 state forests. It is pointed out that the State Department 

 of Forestry has to 1918 paid from its resources $148,052.33 to the State School Fund of Penn- 

 sylvania. — C. R. Orton. 



1414. Wilson, Ellwood. Use of seaplanes in forest mapping. Jour. Forestry 18: 1-5. 

 1920. — Seaplanes in eastern Canada were found well adapted for forest use, the abundance of 

 lakes and the absence of landing grounds making such a type of plane feasible. Hardwoods 

 and softwoods can readily be distinguished and photographs with an aerial camera gave ex- 

 cellent results in mapping, 200 square miles a day being possible with a machine as againsi 

 50 square miles per month by a party of ten on foot. — E. N. Munns. 



1415. Woodruff, George W. Constitutionality of national laws to restrict forest devas- 

 tation. Jour. Forestry 18: 100-102. 1920. — The Supreme Court, U. S. A., has upheld previous 

 legislation dealing with the control of forest lands because of the benefit to the public and 

 liberty of posterity. The present scheme for control of devastation fits in with the pasl 

 favorable decisions. — E. N. Munns. 



1416. Woolsey, Theodore S., Jr. Early Arizona problems. Jour. Forestry 18: 13.5-142. 

 1920. 



1417. Woolsey, T. S. Natural regeneration of French forests. Amer. Forestry 26: 77- 

 81. 10 fig. 1920. — In the Landes and the Gironde maritime pine matures in 70-80 years, at 

 which time the trees are clear cut. The branches and unmerchantable tops are left on the 

 ground; the sun opens the cones and the sand is quickly covered with a stand so dense as to 

 require thinning. In the sapling stage the excess trees are tapped to death to produce resin 

 and mine props and to favor the development of the crowns of the final stand. The sessile 

 oak in the Adour, where there is an annual acorn crop, can be clear cut. Sessile and peduncu- 

 late oak stands (often mixed with beech in central France) must be regenerated by progressive 

 cuttings. Oak matures in 180-240 years and the seedlings are intolerant, while the beech 

 requires for a time a protective cover of older trees. Under these conditions there are 3 suc- 

 cessive fellings; the seed felling aims at starting the seedlings, the development of the crowns 

 of the seed trees and the partial removal of the merchantable crop ; a secondary felling aims 

 to gradually remove the seed trees and to gradually free the existing seedlings without causing 

 too much damage; the final felling is made when the ground is seeded and the first seedlings 

 have developed into saplings, and in this the seed trees that are left are removed at one stroke. 

 In fir stands, where advance growth almost always exists, the seed felling is really a light sec- 

 ondary felling, designed to allow this advance growth to develop. Subsequent secondary 

 fellings are also light; but the final felling should be complete. In the high mountains the 

 treatment is different, since the objective is not solely the production of lumber, but the 

 slopes must above all be protected to avoid damage by erosion. Group selection is the method 

 practised. Soil preparation is often necessary, especially with spruce, since natural regen- 

 eration is hampered by (1) a dense vegetable cover which prevents the seed coming in contact 

 with the mineral soil, (2) an excessive cover of undecomposed dead needles or (3) too com- 

 pact surface of the soil. — Chas. II. Otis. 



1418. Yates, Harry S. The growth of Hevea brasiliensis in the Philippine Islands. 

 Philippine Jour. Sci. 14: 501-523. 1 fig. 1919. — This paper has to do with the possibilities of 

 cultivating Hevea in the Philippines on a commercial scale. The necessary conditions of 

 climate, temperature, soil, and elevation are described. A comparison of these conditions 

 with those of regions where Hevea is successfully cultivated indicates the suitability of the 

 Islands for its cultivation, and the yield of rubber is satisfactory. — Albert R. Sweetser. 



