No. 2, September, 1920] MORPHOLOGY, ETC., VASC. PLANTS 247 



1885. Chamberlain, Charles J. The living cycads and the phylogeny of seed plants. 

 Amer. Jour. Bot. 7: 1 16 153. PI. 6. 1920. — The posit ion of i he living cycads in t lie evolution 

 of the seed plants is considered. A general resemblance is noted between the living cycads 

 and the Bennettitales and Cycadofilicales. The last named group is undoubtedly the most 

 primitive. The living cycads are so different from the Bennettitales that there is little like- 

 lihood that the former have been derived from the latter. The origin of the living cycads 

 is quite unknown. — Living cycads are also evidently not ancestral to any of the other great 

 groups of seed plants, since they differ so radically from Cordaitales, Ginkgoales, Coniferales, 

 Gnetales and Angiosperms. They are evidently a terminal group on the road to extinction. 

 The author brings forward evidence that it isthe Coniferales and the Gnetales, rather than the 

 cycad-like plants, to which we should look for ancestors of the Angiosperms. — E. W. Sinnotl. 



1886. Collins, Marjorie I. On the leaf-anatomy of Scaevola crassifolia, with special 

 reference to the epidermal secretion. Proc. Linnean Soc. New South Wales 43 : 247-259. PL 

 27-58, 6 fig. 1918. — This plant, one of the Goodeniaceae, a xerophyte, with special adaption 

 for sand dune existence (where it will survive burial by elongation and the production of ad- 

 ventitious roots) was found to be characterized by the development of peltate glandular hairs 

 which secrete yellow resin in great quantity. This activity was at a maximum in buds and 

 young leaves and decreased in older leaves, where the resin dried, producing a lacquered ap- 

 pearance on the leaf surface. Mature leaves appeared succulent, the glands shrunken, but 

 active in the region of the leaf base; the resin serving there to protect axillary buds. Other 

 xerophilous adaptations noted were the secondary increase in the size of epidermal cells, 

 massive development of palisade tissue and production of special water storage cells. — Eloise 

 Gerry. 



1887. Feucht, Otto. Zur Entstehung des Harfenwuchses der Nadelholzer. [On the for- 

 mation of "harp-growth" in conifers.] Naturw. Zeitschr. Forst. u. Landw. 17: 137-139. 1919. 

 —See Bot. Absts. 5, Entry 1326. 



1888. Fletcher, J. J., and C. T. Musson. On certain shoot-bearing tumors of Eucalypts 

 and Angophoras, and their modifying influence on the growth habit of the plants. Proc. Linn- 

 ean Soc. New South Wales 43 : 191-233. PI. 4~26. 1918.— The nodules and tumors produced in 

 the axils of the cotyledons and early leaves of Eucalypts and Angophoras are illustrated and 

 discussed with reference to their occurrence, external characteristics and development. 

 These growths are also noted in ten species of other genera. The fully developed tumors, 

 though subject to much variation, are said to be generally characterized by the following 

 stages: (1) Axillary shoot-bearing stem nodules; (2) Composite shoot bearing, stem-encirc- 

 ling tumors; (3) Composite, stem-encircling, shoot-bearing, root-incorporating (but not 

 root-emitting) tumors. Seedlings of the non-Mallee or tree forms of Eucalypts, where tumors 

 usually persist for a limited period only, and do not seriously interfere with growth were espe- 

 cially studied. Six species, apparently exempt from tumors, were found. The Mallee or 

 shrubby forms of Eucalypts (where the tumors incorporate the water-storing roots, persist 

 throughout the life of the plant and appear to cause stunting) and the Angophoras, were also 

 examined. The tumors are considered attributable to parasitic soil organisms, which produce 

 proliferation of the cambium, and not to insects. Related work in Australia and the United 

 States is discussed. — Eloise Gerry. 



1889. Fyson, P. F. Note on the oecology of Spinifex squanosus L. Jour. Indian Bot. 1 : 

 19-24. 3 fig. 1919. — This plant and other strand-formation species are not halophytes, but 

 rather xerophytic psammophytes; they depend for their water supply on rain water and dew 

 retained by the sand. Further, the air blown over these plants from the sea is always damp. 

 — A. J. Eamcs. 



1890. Griffin, Gertrude J. Bordered pits in Douglas fir: a study of the position of the 

 torus in mountain and lowland specimens In relation to creosote penetration. Jour. Forestry 

 17: 813-822. 1 fig. 1919— See Bot, Absts. 5, Entry 1334. 



BOTANICAL ABSTRACTS, VOL. V, NO. 2 



