260 PALEOBOTANY [Bot. Absts., Vol. V, 



proceeding slower, gives rise to a greater variety of forms. — -When contrasted with the theory 

 of Darwin or de Vries, ologenesis offers a better explanation for the origin of the large evolu- 

 tionary lines, for the richness of the flora and fauna as far back as the Cretaceous and also for 

 the geographic distribution of species. The chances for the new forms to arise and exist are 

 greater because new forms do not arise as single mutations but simultaneously throughout the 

 entire area occupied by a species which is undergoing division. Of course the explanation of 

 the theory of ologenesis is a teleological one, but it is a teleology which rests on a firm 

 physical and mechanical basis. The author realizes that the hypothetical element in the 

 theory is still large and that it will be necessary to accumulate more evidence before it is 

 accepted altogether. — E. Artschwager. 



1979. Bancroft, Wilder D. [Rev. of: Jaeger, F. M. Lectures on the principles of 

 symmetry, xii -\- 333 p. Elzevier Publishing Co. : Amsterdam, 1917. ] Jour. Phys. Chem. 23 : 

 516. 1919.— See Bot. Absts. 5, Entry 1451. 



1980. Baker, Frank C. The life of the Pleistocene or glacial period. Univ. Illinois Bull. 

 17. vi 4- 476 p. 57 pi. 1920. — Essentially geological and zoological, but useful to the botanist 

 in that it contains lists of species of plants and bibliography covering the glaciated and nearby 

 areas of North America. — E. W. Berry. 



1981. Berry, E. W. [Rev. of: Seward, A. C. Fossil plants. Vol. 4. Cambridge Univ. 

 Press: Cambridge, England, 1919.] Plant World 22: 341-342. (Nov., 1919) March, 1920. 



1982. Brown-Blanqtjet, Josias. Sur la decouverte du Laurus canariensis Webb et 

 Berth., dans les tufs de Montpellier. [Discovery of Laurus canariensis in the tuffs of Mont- 

 pellier.] Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris 168: 951-952. 1919. — Description of fragments of 

 leaves determined as Laurus canariensis Webb and Berth. The presence of this species in 

 these deposits confirms the oceanic and relatively alpine character of the flora at the time of 

 their formation. — F. B. Wann. 



1983. Buchholz, John T. Embryo development and polyembryony in relation to the phy- 

 logeny of conifers. Amer. Jour. Bot. 7: 125-145. 89 fig. 1920. — See Bot. Absts. 5, Entry 

 1883. 



1984. Caullery, Maurice. Parasitism and symbiosis in relation to evolution. Sci. 

 Amer. Monthly 1: 399-403. 4 fig. 1920. [Presidential address delivered before the British 

 Association for the Advancement of Science (the Australian meeting, 1914).] — A criticism of 

 Professor Portier's theory of universal symbiosis. — Chas. H. Otis. 



1985. Chamberlain, Charles J. The living cycads and the phylogeny of seed plants. 

 Amer. Jour. Bot. 7: 146^153. PI. 6. 1920.— See Bot. Absts. 5, Entry 1885. 



1986. Conklin, E. J. The mechanism of evolution. Sci. Monthly 10:392-403. 1920 — 

 As the chromosomes contain the genes or factors of Mendelian inheritance, many investigators 

 have assumed that the cytoplasm serves only as environment or food for the chromosomes 

 and has nothing to do with heredity. It is true that the spermatozoon is highly differentiated. 

 But the tail of the spermatozoon is either left outside of the egg or its differentiation disappears 

 within the egg. And the yolk of the egg is used up as food. — But there is positive evidence 

 that all cytoplasmic differentiations are not wiped out at this time. Certain cytoplasmic 

 differentiations found in the egg persist in the embryo and adult. Polarity, symmetry, asym- 

 metry, and types of egg organization are of this character. — This egg cytoplasm inheritance 

 is non-Mendelian. Consequently the egg contributes more than the spermatozoon to each 

 generation. This may be somewhat complicated by the fact that the egg has its characters 

 determined by the chromosomes of the cells from which it developed. This would be Men- 

 delian inheritance with its beginnings in the preceding generation. If they are not determined 

 in this way, but are carried from generation to generation in the cytoplasm the inheritance 

 is non-Mendelian. [See also next following Entry, 1987.] — L. Pace. 



