262 PALEOBOTANY [Bot. Absts., Vol. V, 



1993. Newton, B. R. On some freshwater fossils from Central South Africa. Ann. and 

 Mag. Nat. Hist. 5: 241-249. PI. 8. 1920. — The author describes three specimens of chalce- 

 donized rock found at the base of Kalahari Sand in Matabeleland in Central South Africa. 

 These rocks, representing the first fossils found in this region, contain oogonia and stems 

 of Chara and some remains of Gastropods. A more technical description of the Char a, 

 including dimensions, is given by Mr. James Groves; but no specific names are mentioned ex- 

 cept one oogonium is said to resemble Chara hipida. Although the collection is small, the 

 author thinks the combination of Chara and Gastropods indicates a correlation between these 

 rocks and the Intertrappean beds of India, and that therefore they belong to the Upper 

 Cretaceous period. — Harold H. Clum. 



1991. Picqtje.vard, Ch. Sur la flore fossile des bassins houlllers de Quimper et de Ker- 

 gogne. [The fossil flora of the coal beds of Quimper and Kergogne.] Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. 

 Paris 170: 55-57. 1920. — A list of fossil plants from each of the coal beds named in the title, 

 based on material collected by the author and by others. From the Quimper beds sixteen 

 species are given which in general agree with the flora at the base of the Stephanian stage. 

 Twenty-four species are given from the coal beds of Kergogne, many of which had been pre- 

 viously reported from Blanzy and Commentry. Not any new species are described. — C. H. 

 and W. K. Farr. 



1995. Principi, P. Filliti wealdiane della Tripolitania. [Wealden fossils from Tripoli.] 

 R. Ufficio Geol. Mem. descritt. Carta Geol. d'ltalia 18: 71. 2 pi. 1919. — The engineer Zac- 

 cagna in a study of the hydrology of western Tripoli in 1914 collected fossil plants in the 

 vicinity of Seck-Scink and Fessato from clay shales of Wealden age including specimens of 

 Cladophlebis Albertsii (Dunker) Brongniart, Dioonites Buchianus (Ettings.) Bornm., Sphen- 

 olepidium Kurrianum (Dunker) Heer, somewhat uncertain remains of Becklesia anomale 

 Seward, Cladophlebis zaccagnai Principi, and Yuccites sp. ind. resembling Yuccites schimp- 

 erianus Zigno of the Jurassic of Verona. — R. Pampanini. 



1996. Sernander, R. Subfossile Flechten. [Subfossil lichens.] Flora 112: 703-724. 7 

 fig. 1918. — -The absence of fossil lichens in strata earlier than the Tertiary has been attributed 

 to the rapidity of their decomposition. Observations on Alectoria jubata (L.) Ach. in Lapland 

 show that all traces of the plant disappear within a year after it falls on the forest floor. Re- 

 mains of lichens do not occur in ordinary humus, except as fragments. But a study of post- 

 glacial peat-beds shows recognizable remains of such species as Cladonia rangiferina (L.) 

 Web-, Cetraria islandica (L.) Ach., and Peltigera canina (L.) Willd. On partially fossilized 

 tree-trunks, Opegrapha atra Pers. is present. Calcareous tufa shows such pitting as is char- 

 acteristic of Lccidea immersa (Web.) Ach. The author believes that these observations prove 

 the possibility of lichens becoming fossilized. — L. W. Riddle. 



1997. Walcott, Charles D. Cambrian geology and paleontology. IV. No. 5. Middle 

 Cambrian algae. Smithsonian Misc. Coll. 67 5 : 217-260. PI. 43-59. 1919.— S. F. Blake. 



199S. Wieland, G. R. The Tetracentron-Drimys question. Amer. Jour. Sci. 49: 382-383. 

 May, 1920. — Comments on the question of whether these genera are primitive or reduced, 

 upholding the former view and considering it as conforming to the hypothesis that the Angio- 

 sperms are descended from the Cj-cadeoids through the Ranalian plexus. — E. W. Berry. 



1999. Wieland, G. R. Distribution and relationships of the cycadeoids. Amer. Jour. 

 Bot. 7: 154-171. PI. 7, 5 fig. 1920. — Author believes that forests of microphyllous and small- 

 stemmed cycadeoids were very numerous in Triassic and Jurassic times. Williamsoniella 

 and Wielandiella are examples of such plants. They probably shed their leaves with the 

 seasons and were able to thrive in temperate climates. Apparently the climates of the 

 Mesozoic were by no means uniformly tropical. The distribution of cycadophytes in the 

 Mesozoic is briefly considered. Author discusses the relationships which the cycadeoids 

 bear to the cycads, the seed ferns, the cordaites and Dolerophyllum, the ginkgos, Araucaria, 



