No. 1, October, 1920] HORTICULTURE 15 



prepotent with respect to ripening period. Its character for quality is only mediocre. — Belle 

 is strongly white, but seems to carry a 25-per cent character for yellow. It is prepotent with 

 respect to vigor and quality and carries a character factor for clinginess of about 25 per cent. 

 — Early Crawford is almost pure yellow. Its character for quality seems dominant as does 

 its character for freestone. — Greensboro seems to be pure white, is clingstone, but carries 

 small factor for freestone. — -White on yellow gives increased vigor. — White seems to be domi- 

 nant over pure yellow in the F l generation. — E. C. Auchter. 



115. Crow, J. W. Breeding methods with horticultural plants. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hortic. 

 Sci. 16: 19-24. (1919) 1920. — A plant-breeders' classification of plants is given. Attention 

 is called to the fact that it is important to know whether a given plant produces seed by 

 cross-pollination or self-pollination, and whether the reverse process is possible. The main 

 principles of biological evolution as given are isolation of strains of heredity and recombina- 

 tion of characters by crossing. A discussion of each of these principles, with individual cases 

 and examples, is given. A distinction between the words "selection" and "isolation" is 

 discussed. Isolation consists in the segregation of a type or a line of heredity, which was 

 there all the time and which is only brought to light through being segregated. "Selection," 

 as used by Darwin, implies a gradual change of a cumulative nature in each successive gener- 

 ation. Although it is stated that in some cases it is impossible to say where isolation ceases 

 and selection begins, still the author states, "It appears that isolation expresses the funda- 

 mental idea of most .improvement work much better than does the word selection. — E. C. 

 Auchter. 



116. Dorset, M. J. Some characteristics of open-pollinated seedlings of the Malinda 

 apple. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 16: 36-42. (1919) 1920.— In the fall of 1907 a quantity 

 of Malinda apples was obtained from an orchard in which were growing several other common 

 varieties. The apples were open-pollinated. Seeds from these apples were removed and 

 planted, and a total of 3879 seedlings were grown. — Up to the present report 49.1 per cent of 

 this number (1903) had been removed as wild types or as stunted, and 20.8 per cent (808) 

 had been discarded because of inferior fruit, while 30.1 per cent had been saved for further 

 study. — Many of the seedlings came into fruit during the sixth year, although there was a 

 variation in the time of first fruit production. About 300 seedlings have been selected on 

 account of their promising fruit and now present a difficult task in the final weeding out. No 

 two seedlings have borne fruit exactly alike, some are sweet, some are sour, some are large, 

 some are small, some are quite hardy, while others are tender, and there is great variation 

 in the markings of the different fruits. — In observing how hardy the 1168 seedlings were during 

 the winter of 1917-1918, the following three things were outstanding: (1) 195 trees escaped all 

 injury, (2) there was a greater injury generally to the trunk than to the main branches, (3) 

 the extent of the injury to the trees in each row was fairly consistent. In comparing these 

 results to Hibernal and Oldenburg, two of the hardy winter varieties in Minnesota, it was 

 found that these varieties were generally hardy in the top, but the wood was often slightly 

 brown in the trunk. Pyrus baccata was not injured, but such varieties as Grimes Golden, 

 Delicious, Hubbardston, Winter Banana, etc., were all brown or dark brown in the wood, even 

 in the smaller limbs. — E. C. Auchter. 



117. Eaton, B. J. Investigations in agricultural chemistry, 1918. Agric. Bull. Federated 

 Malay States 7 : 224-227. 1919. — Results on the chemical examination of rubber samples, soils, 

 and other special investigations in Malaya are given. 



118. Galloway, B. T. Tests of new pear stocks. Nation. Nurseryman 28 5 : 109-111. 

 May, 1920. — Discusses the value of the following pear stocks for American use: Pijrue Cal- 

 leryana, P. tisurie7isis , P. serrulatas, and P. betualaefolia. — /. H. Gourley. 



119. Handover, W. P. The dwarf coconut. Agric. Bull. Federated Malay States 7: 

 295-297. 1919.— See also Bot. Absts. 6, Entry 113. 



