72 FORESTRY [Bot. Absts., Vol. VI, 



515. Anonymous. Eine Verordnung iiber die Einschrankung der Kahlschlage in den nicht- 

 staatlichen Waldungen. [Ordinance concerning restriction of clearing in forest not belonging 

 to the state.] Deutsch. Forstzeitg. 35: 193-194. 1920. — Before the war Germany was a 

 heavy importer of wood, but now most imports have been cut off, due to the worldwide short- 

 age of wood and to the high prices and unfavorable rate of exchange. Moreover, large areas 

 of forests have been lost to Germany as a result of the war. The scarcity of fuel has resulted 

 in enormous demand for firewood, which further reduces the production of building material 

 in German forests. The same conditions that hinder imports favor exporting of wood, and 

 a considerable illicit trade is carried on across the border. The net result of these factors is a 

 tendency to destroy large areas of private forests for immediate profit. The central government 

 has proposed a decree forbidding clear cutting, or cutting which leaves less than one-fourth 

 of the normal stand, on any area of more than 0.5 hectare in other than state forests, except 

 with permit from designated authorities. Such permission may be withheld in case the pro- 

 posed cutting endangers the given stand or neighboring ones, through formation of torrents, 

 shifting sands, or exposure to wind, or if the stand to be cut is at a period in its growth where 

 considerable loss in volume production would result from it cutting, or if a continuous sup- 

 ply of wood for the local population and industries would be threatened, or if reforestation 

 would be made difficult. A sufficient sum to carry out reforestation measures must be depos- 

 ited with proper authorities. Penalties for violation are set at from 1000 to 10,000 marks 

 per hectare, unless local laws prescribe higher ones. — W. N. Sparhaivk. 



516. Anonymous. Erganzende Anweisung zur "Anweisung zur Ausfiihrung der Betriebs- 

 regelungen in den Preussischen Staatsforsten vom 17 Marz, 1912," bis 12 Marz, 1919. [Supple- 

 mentary instructions for management of Prussian state forests.] Forstwiss. Centralbl. 41: 

 310-317. 1919. — Due to heavy cutting in the state forests, and especially in young stands, 

 during the war, certain changes in management are necessary. Most important is to shorten 

 the rotation period. An average rotation of 100 years is set for pine and, in general, also 

 for spruce. Since it will be necessary to produce high grade large timber, common timber, 

 and mine timber and pulpwood, the stands will be managed on three different rotations, 

 depending on the particular stands in each case, of 120 years, 100 years, and 60 years, in about 

 the proportion 2:3:1 (making the average 100). For hardwoods the former rotations will 

 generally be used. In case of the younger stands, decision as to the rotation to be used can 

 be deferred until they are older. As a basis for planning the regulation, an age-class survey 

 and map must be made. For this purpose the forests are to be classified in four main types, 

 according to the predominating species: oak; beech-ash-maple; birch-alder; and fir-spruce- 

 pine. Other instructions relate to changes in the working plan and cutting budget. — W. N. 

 Sparhaivk. 



517. Anonymous. Gegen die Zwangsbewirtschaftung des Eichengerbholzes. [Against 

 compulsory utilization of oak tanning-extract wood.] Deutsch. Forstzeitg. 35: 194. 1920. — 

 The wood committee of the imperial forestry council has decided against compulsory utili- 

 zation of oak extract-wood and tanbark, but urges all forest owners to keep in mind the 

 need of the German leather industry for such material. — W. N. Sparhawk. 



518. Anonymous. Milderung der Brennholznot im nachsten Winter. [Relief of fuel 

 shortage for next winter.] Deutsch. Forstzeitg. 35: 194. 1920. — Fuel shortage will probably 

 be as acute next winter as in the one just past, especially since much wood as would ordinarily 

 be available for fuel will be taken for mine timbers, paper pulp, and ties. Coal production 

 must be increased and stumps and peat must be utilized as far as possible. — W. N. Sparhawk. 



519. Anonymous. Neuregelung der Jagdnutzung in den preussischen Staatsforsten. 

 [New regulations governing hunting in Prussian state forests.] Forstwiss. Centralbl. 41: 449- 

 464. 1919. — Gives in considerable detail the new regulations effective October 1, 1919. The 

 policy has been adopted of keeping the hunt under control of the forest administration, except 

 in exceptional cases where it may be leased. — W. N. Sparhawk. 



