No. 2, November, 1920] FORESTRY 79 



the writer has constructed a graph from which lie can read 1 he mean annual forest per cent for 

 that species when the soil value and rotation arc known or assumed. From this graph the 

 optimum financial rotation, the loss due to cutting woods before the financial rotation is 

 reached, and the price which may he paid for land for afforestation (assuming a certain 

 interest rate and rotation) can also be readily determined. — C. R. Tillotson. 



565. Hofmann, J. V. How fires destroy our forests. Amer. Forestry 26: 329-336. 17 

 fig. 192(i. 



566. Hopkinson, A. D. A note on the financial results of pine and beech forests in Nor- 

 mandy. Trans. Roy. Scot. Arbor. Soc. 34: 82-87. 1920. — With Scotch pine grown in an 80- 

 year and beech in a 190-year rotation, the pine is nearly five times as advantageous as the beech 

 from a purely financial point of view. This is partly accounted for by the fact that this 

 rotation for beech is not its financial rotation while 80 years is perhaps the financial rotation 

 for pine. From the silvicultural point of view, the advantage is certainly with the beech, 

 which as a pure crop has many advantages which can not be assigned to extensive areas of 

 pure pine. — C. R. Tillotson. 



567. Hutchins, D. E. The forests of New Zealand. Trans. Roy. Scot. Arbor. Soc. 33: 

 119-123. 1919. — The forests of New Zealand are the best softwood forests in the southern 

 hemisphere. They have never been surveyed and only vague estimates have been made of 

 their area and stand of timber. The output of sawn timber indicates that over the area 

 milled the stand has been 2| times that of the average of the virgin forests of America. Over 

 small areas some timber stands of 200,000 superficial feet per acre have been recorded. New 

 Zealand timbers excel those of Europe in quality, but are less desirable than those of America. 

 The value of kauri timber is well known, but it is not generally known that it is the largest 

 timber-producing tree in the world, on account of the small taper of its trunk. There was 

 3,000,000 acres of kauri forest in New Zealand; very little is now left but there are about 

 500,000 acres that are restorable. Totara, the next most valuable New Zealand timber, is 

 the best of all the world's Podocarpus timbers. The most valuable forests now left in New 

 Zealand are of totara. Rimu, the common housebuilding timber, is beautiful, fine figured 

 and surpasses oak in color and grain. — In 1909 the forest area of New Zealand was estimated 

 at 17,000,000 acres. The New Zealand forests are worth more than all the known mineral 

 wealth of the Dominion and they offer more employment than any other industry. Forest 

 plantations are about 30,000 acres in extent and have cost about 13 pounds per acre. — C. R. 

 Tillotson. 



568. Hutchins, D. E. Rate of growth of trees in relation to forestry. A criticism of Mr. 

 E. Maxwell's paper. New Zealand Jour. Sci. Tech. 3: 1-7. 1920. — To consider growth of indi- 

 vidual trees instead of forests is misleading. The five chief native timber trees of New Zea- 

 land in their forests grow faster than the five chief timber trees of Europe in theirs. While 

 introduced trees should be planted, native ones should also be conserved. [See also Bot. 

 Absts. 6, Entry 588.] — A. Gundersen. 



569. Hutchins, D. E. Waipona kauri forest. New Zealand Jour. Sci. Tech. 2: 412. 

 1919.— See also Bot. Absts. 6, Entry 624. 



570. Illick, J. S. Management of the state forests of Pennsylvania. Amer. Forestry 26: 

 389-342. 8 fig. 1920. 



571. Illick, J. S. Some silvicultural problems in Pennsylvania. Jour. Forestry 18: 

 502-511. 1920. — Forest planting includes some of the main problems of forestry. Planting 

 of over 33,000,000 trees by the State with from 33 to 79 per cent of the various species living, 

 shows that planting can be successfully done here. Most of the planting has been in the 

 spring but successes of from 72 to 92 per cent for fall planting show this season is also suitable. 

 The cost of planting ranges from $4.20 to $10.77 per thousand, 1919 costs being only $8.64 a 



