80 FORESTRY [Bot. Absts., Vol. VI, 



thousand as against an average of $6.05. Fire loss, in spite of local high hazards, amounts to 

 only 0.03 per cent. In the past ten years over 9,000,000 trees have been distributed to private 

 individuals, water companies planting 1,750,000 trees. Other planters include farmers, min- 

 ing companies, municipalities, lumbermen, hunting and recreation clubs, and educational 

 institutions. — E. N. Munns. 



572. Ivy, T. P. Forestry, livestock and cut-over lands of the south. Amer. Forestry 26: 

 299-302. 6 fig. 1920. 



573. Jardine, J. T. Efficient regulation of grazing in relation to timber production. 

 Jour. Forestry 18: 367-382. 1920. — Investigations have shown that there is a grave danger 

 from sheep grazing to reproduction of the valuable timber species of the western United States 

 through overgrazing, trampling and browsing, though under certain circumstances sheep 

 may be of value in getting it established. Sheep may be an aid in the reduction of the forest- 

 fire hazard through destruction of the fuel on the ground and the cutting up of litter and duff. 

 The present needs in National Forest administration are for a policy to govern grazing, to 

 either recognize grazing as having a place in forest management or to limit its growing 

 use, and to provide for investigations to enable proper grazing regulation and inspection. — 

 E. N. Munns. 



574. Johannes, Gunnar. Et lidet inleg for anvendelsen af 2 /0 furu of nogle bemerkninger 

 om planteskole og plantearbeide. [Notes on the use of 2-0 (Scotch) pine and remarks on nursery 

 and labor conditions.] Tidsskr. Skogbruk 28: 54-60. 1 pi. 1920.— In view of the greatly 

 increased cost of raising nursery stock and of establishing plantations, and the \rausual suc- 

 cess attending the planting of 2-0 nursery stock in the littoral belt of Sweden, the author urges 

 greater use of this stock and the employment of school children wherever possible. — J. A. 

 Larsen. 



575. Kay, James. Red pine or Norway pine (Pinus resinosa). Trans. Roy. Scot. Arbor. 

 Soc. 33: 157-161. 1919. — This is a discussion of the commercial importance, silvical charac- 

 teristics and quality of wood of the red or Norway pine and in tabular form presents a compari- 

 son of the form factors, form quotients, and volumes of red and white pine for trees up to 9 

 inches in diameter. — C. R. Tillotson. 



576. Kirkland, Burt P. The democracy of national control. Jour. Forestry 18: 448- 

 450. 1920. — -A comparison of state action in legislature with that of the federal government 

 does not show to the advantage of the former. If the forest policy is left to state control, the 

 nation will be no better off than at present and it is inconceivable, in the light of past expe- 

 rience, that adjoining states would treat the same subject in the same way. — E. N. Munns. 



577. Kirkland, Burt P. Effects of destructive lumbering on labor. Jour. Forestry 18: 

 318-320. 1920. — The policy of unrestricted destructive lumbering leads to a disorganization 

 of labor resulting in a denial of normal family life and the right of suffrage, and leading to 

 irregularity of employment. Labor has no interest in the industry and holds a feeling of 

 injustice which is largely responsible for ultra-radical doctrines. — E. N. Munns. 



578. Kittredge, Joseph, Jr. Silvicultural practice in coppice-under-standard forests of 

 eastern France. Jour. Forestry 18: 512-521. 1920.— The mixed hardwood forests of France 

 are managed to furnish a sustained annual yield with an area regulation. Coppice is used 

 chiefly as cordwood and is ready for cutting at an average age of 30 j'ears; the standards are 

 in multiples of the age of the coppice stands. Marking is done by a technical forester upon 

 all lands, regardless of ownership, and, while concerned with reserving the best trees, the 

 uniformity of the stand is excellent. The regulations governing the sales are printed in pam- 

 phlet form for all France and a number of the clauses are given in full. The average yield is 

 from 500 to 1000 board-feet per acre, in logs, with an average of ten cords of wood per acre, 

 of which about one-half is from 3 to 6 inches in diameter. — E. N. Munns. 



