168 HORTICULTURE [Bot. Absts., Vol. VI, 



a practical viewpoint, all bud selection could accomplish would be to keep the variety up to 

 its own standard by the weeding out of an infertile or semi-barren strain." — The behavior of 

 the runner propagated daughter plants of some strawberry seedlings were studied at the 

 Oregon station, which gave evidence of degeneracy or "running out." Briefly, this took 

 three forms: (a) A more or less complete loss of ability to produce fruit though vegetative 

 vigor remained unimpaired, (b) A partial loss of ability to produce runners, (c) A marked 

 reduction in vegetative vigor, resulting in weak degenerate plants. This degeneration may 

 involve the entire stock of a variety, that is being grown under a given set of conditions or 

 only a part of that stock. — In one case studied, plants from a certain seedling, which had ap- 

 parently run-out at the end of the second season, were planted in a new location. Gradually 

 they regained their vigor and yielded well, indicating that a degenerate strain may return 

 to the normal, from which it sprang. The author also draws attention to the fact, that occa- 

 sionally bud variation may furnish the starting point for real variety improvement. [See 

 also Bot. Absts. 6, Entry 1673.]— E. C. Auchter. 



1156. Lemee, E. Chardon geant de Salonique. [A giant thistle from Salonica.] Rev. 

 Hortic. [Paris] 92 : 8. Jan., 1920. — This species is regarded as a promising ornamental for large 

 open spaces, since in the second year from seed the plants attained a height of 2.30 to 2.75 

 meters. Each bore approximately 40 flowerheads arising from, and symmetrically arranged 

 about a main central stalk in the form of a pyramid. The purple flowers began to appear in 

 early August, each persisted for 15 or 18 days, thus making a blooming period of about six 

 weeks. The plants appear to be hardy without protection. The species has been identified 

 as Onopordon illyricum Linne, var. Cardunculus, Boissier. — E. J. Kraus. 



1157. Lesourd, F. Les plantes potageres a travers les ages. [Culinary plants grown in 

 various centuries.] Rev. Hortic. [Paris] 92: 12-13. Jan., 1920. — A list of many species and 

 varieties of plants arranged according to the general time of their introduction, from the 

 fourteenth to the twentieth century inclusive. — E. J. Kraus. 



1158. Morris, % 0. M. Practical pruning as applied to apple and pear trees (Part One). 

 Better Fruit 14 6 : 3-5. Dec, 1919. — Practical and definite advice is given as to methods of 

 procedure in pruning apple and pear trees. Both young and mature trees are considered. — 

 A. E. Murneek. 



1159. Morris, O. M. Practical pruning as applied to apple and pear trees (Part two). 

 Better Fruit 14 7 : 7-10. Jan., 1920. — The season of pruning, pruning of different varieties of 

 apples, treatment of pruning wounds, and repairing of injured trees are the topics considered 

 in this part of the article.— A. E. Murneek. 



1160. Pearcy, Knight. The cultivation of filberts in the Northwest. Better Fruit 14 7 : 

 3-5. Jan., 1920. — This is a complete summary of the history and present status of filbert 

 growing in the Northwest. Particular emphasis has been laid upon the commercial value of 

 the following varieties: Barcelona, Du Chilly and Davidiana. Personal opinions of success- 

 ful filbert growers are taken into account. The question of self-fertility and cross-pollination 

 of the different varieties is considered in full.— A. E. Murneek. 



1161. Schimpff, Wm. E. Development of the cranberry industry in Oregon. Better Fruit 

 14 3 : 7-9. Feb., 1920. — A complete and detailed account of the history and present status of 

 the cranberry industry in the Northwest with special reference to the Cullaby Lake district in 

 Oregon. — A. E. Murneek. • 



1162. Shamel, A. D. Investigation with citrus fruits. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 

 16: 70-76. (1919) 1920. — This paper gives a general idea of how the investigations in Citrus 

 improvement have been carried on in California by members of the U. S. Dept. Agric. A 

 survey of the citrus orchards was first made and favorably located orchards were selected in 

 which to make the studies. Individual tree performance records were kept in the various 



