No. 3, December, 1920] MORPHOLOGY, ETC., VASC. PLANTS 171 



1179. Vented, Jules. Exploitation et utilization des marcs de raisins. [The utilization 

 of grape pomace.] Ann. Ecole Nation. Agric. Montpellier, 17 : 1-70. 5 fig. (July, 1918) July, 

 1919. — The utilization of grape pomace can be developed into a paying industry in the grape 

 producing parts of France. Methods are given for extracting alcohol, tartaric acid and oil, 

 and for utilizing the pomace as an animal feed and fertilizer. — /''. F. Halma. 



MORPHOLOGY, ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY OF VASCULAR 



PLANTS 



E. W. Sinnott, Editor 



11S0. Aktschwager, Ernst F. On the anatomy of Chenopodium album L. Amer. J( 

 Bot. 7: 252-260. 2 pi., 3 fig. 1920. — Author reviews previous work on the anatomy of the 

 Chenopodiaceae. In the species studied he finds that in very young stems there is a ring of 

 collateral vascular bundles; but a periodically active extrafascicular cambium soon develops 

 outside of these, which lays down xylem and conjunctive tissue centripetally and, in restricted 

 regions, lays down phloem centrifugally. The xylem of a bundle is usually all produced before 

 any of its phloem develops. Where phloem arises the cambium is "used up" and disap- 

 pears. The continuity of the cambium .ring is maintained, however, by the progressive for- 

 mation of new cambium outside the phloem group. An island of intraxylary phloem is thus 

 produced, and as a result the vascular ring consists of successive series of xylem bundles and 

 islands of intraxylary phloem, the whole embedded in a mass of lignified conjunctive tissue. 

 That part of the conjunctive tissue which extends radially between the bundles may function 

 as ray tissue though it is not such morphologically. Contrary to the results of previous work- 

 ers, the author finds the chief element of the phloem to be the sieve tube and its companion 

 cell, phloem parenchmya being of only secondary importance. The ontogeny of the stem 

 structure of this species shows a striking similarity to the structure of the root of the sugar 

 beet. — E. W. Sinnott. 



1181. Carano, E. Nuovo contributo alia embriologia delle Asteraceae. [Contribution to 

 the embryology of the Asteraceae.] Atti R. Accad. Lincei Rend. (CI. Sci. Fis. Mat. e Nat.) 

 28 l : 412-415. 1919. — A microscopical examination of the flowers of Erigeron Karvinskianus 

 var. mucronatus shows that the flowers have no need of pollination to mature achenes and 

 that this species may be apogamic. The nuclear phenomena are described. — F. M. Blodgett. 



1182. Daniel, Lucien. Reactions antagonistiques et role du bourrelet chez les plantes 

 greffees. [Antagonistic reactions and the role of the cushion (bourrelet) in grafted plants.] 

 Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris 170: 285-287. 1920.— See Bot. Absts. 6, Entry 1150. 



1183. Holm, Theo. Internal glandular hairs in Dryopteris. Rhodora 22: 89-90. 2 fig. 

 1920. — An account of the occurrence of these structures in the intercellular spaces of the leaf 

 parenchyma in Dryopteris Filix mas (L.) Schott, D. marginalis (L.) Gray, D. spinulosa (O. 

 F. Mull.) Kuntze, and D. cristata (L.) Gray. An examination of other species of this genus 

 and also of other genera failed to disclose similar structures and the writer suggests that their 

 presence in some species and absence in others might indicate some generic distinction. — 

 James P. Poole. 



1184. Loeb, J. The nature of the directive influence of gravity on the arrangement of 

 organs in regeneration. Jour. Gen. Physiol. 2: 373-386. 1920. — See Bot. Absts. 6, Entry 1354. 



1185. Soueges, R. Embryogenie des Chenopodiacees. Developpement de l'embryon chez 

 le Chenopodium Bonus-Henricus L. [Embryogeny of the Chenopodiaceae. Development of 

 the embryo of Chenopodium Bonus-Henricus L.] Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris 170: 467-469. 

 1920. — The fertilized egg by two successive divisions gives rise to a row of four cells, each of 

 which divides to form a distinct portion of the mature embryo. This early differentiation is 

 unlike the condition found in the Polygonaceae, as is also the origin of the hypophysis from 



