196 PHYSIOLOGY [Bot. Absts., Vol. VI, 



1325. Power, Frederick B., and Victor K. Chesnut. The odorous constituents of 

 apples. Emanation of acetaldehyde from the ripe fruit. Jour. Amer. Chem. Soc. 42: 1509-1526. 

 1920. — The odorous constituents of apples were found to consist of amyl esters of formic, ace- 

 tic, and caproic acids, with a small amount of caprylic ester. The authors found that acet- 

 aldehyde was exhaled. It is thought that "apple scald" may be due to this substance. Small 

 amounts of methyl and ethyl alcohols were obtained also. — J. M. Brannon. 



1326. Taylor, T. C, and J. M. Nelson. Fat associated with starch. Jour. Amer. Chem. 

 Soc. 42: 1726-1738. 1920. — The authors find that the major portion of the fatty material pres- 

 ent in starch cannot be removed by solvents before hydrolysis. When corn starch freed of 

 extraneous fat is hydrolyzed fatty acids are liberated. Palmitic acid is the principal one. 

 The fat is liberated when hydrolysis has reached the erythrodextrin stage. The authors find 

 that the palmitic acid is attached indirectly to the starch, directly to some unsaturated 

 compound. — J. M. Brannon. 



1327. Vosburgh, Warren C. The specific rotation of fructose. Jour. Amer. Chem. 

 Soc. 42: 1696-1704. 1920. 



METABOLISM (NITROGEN RELATIONS) 



1328. Albrecht, William Albert. Symbiotic nitrogen fixation as influenced by the nitro- 

 gen in the soil. Soil Sci. 9: 275-327. 4 pi, 3 fig. 1920.— See Bot. Absts. 6, Entry 1374. 



1329. Johns, C. O., and H. C. Waterman. Some proteins from the Georgia velvet bean, 

 Stizolobium deeringianum. Jour. Biol. Chem. 42: 59-69. 1920. 



1330. Osborne, T. B., and A. J. Wakeman. The proteins of green leaves. Jour. Biol. 

 Chem. 42: 1-26. 1920. — There is much less protein nitrogen than non-protein nitrogen in 

 spinach leaves. Colloidal protein obtained from leaves is doubtless a mixture of several 

 individuals, which are constituents of the cytoplasm and other portions of the cell. Appar- 

 ently the colloidal protein occurs in the leaf in chemical combination with chlorophyll, phos- 

 phatides, and probably other substances. — G. B. Rigg. 



1331. Perotti, R. Su la presenza di una specie batterica nelle radici della Diplo taxis 

 erucoides DC. [Bacteria in the roots of Diplotaxis erucoides DC] Atti R. Accad. Lincei 

 Rend. (CI. Sci. Fis. Mat. e Nat.) 28 l : 331-335. 1919. — Bacteria were found constantly associ- 

 ated with rough gall-like swellings on the roots of Diplotaxis erucoides and were isolated 

 therefrom. The organism proved to be a short motile rod and was easily grown on a variety 

 of culture media. Under the cultural conditions used it proved neither to be ammonifying, 

 nitrifying, denitrifying nor a fixer of nitrogen. The host is thought by agriculturists to have 

 a fertilizing value and some explanation was sought. He affirms that the bacteria were cer- 

 tainly not harmful to the hosts as the latter were vigorous, but that they may have proteolytic 

 properties which favor the movement of protein substances in the hosts and probably would 

 be able to attack insoluble carbohydrates.— F. M. Blodgett. 



METABOLISM (ENZYMES, FERMENTATION) 



1332. Andre, G. Sur l'inversion du saccharose dans le sue d'orange. [The inversion of 

 cane sugar in orange juice.] Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris 170: 292-295. 1920. — Inversion of 

 cane sugar in orange juice seems to be due primarily to the citric acid, although enzymes do 

 play a minor part. There is less sugar inverted if the extract is boiled after neutralization 

 than if it is not boiled. Inversion is accelerated by rise in temperature or by lengthening the 

 boiling period of the unneutralized extract. — C. H. and W. K. Farr. 



1333. Anonymous. Catalysis. [Rev. of: Rideal, Eric K., and Hugh S. Taylor. 

 Catalysis in theory and practise. Macmillan & Co.: London, 1919.] Nature 104: 463. 1920. 



