No. 4, Januahy, 1921] ECOLOGY, PLANT GEOGRAPHY 223 



formations, and great flatlands of grass and lakes. The second-grow ( h forest near the camp 

 contained introduced yams, taro, tobacco, brakes, species of Jambosa, Gnetum, etc. Side 

 trips were made to the "Zuckerhut," Mt. "Berges," April river, Mt. Pyramid, and the "Hun- 

 stein Spitze" by way of the river Sepik and the "Swartz" river. The vegetation is vividly 

 described for each trip. I'roteaceae 20 in. high were seen, along with Ficus trees 25-30 m 

 high. Ferns, selaginellas, climbing frcycinetias and rhaphidophoras, epiphytic orchids, dra- 

 caenas, and narrow leaved pandanuses were seen in the more humid forests. Landslides and 

 wind-falls were often covered with Scitamineae and Araceae. In places the soil was saturated 

 and covered with a thick layer of moss. On the steep rocky slopes of the "Felspitze" the 

 substratum caused an elimination of tree species, but Ficus spp. were common, as also Maca- 

 ranga spp. Red seedlings of the latter were very numerous and conspicuous. The ficus 

 roots have great power of penetration among the rocks, or even of splitting them. On the 

 declivities the abundant terminalias with their phototropic tops looked, when viewed from 

 above like a giant stairway. Monimiaceae, Symplocaceae, and Theaceae were abundant. 

 The forest was so open in some places that epiphytes grew from the base to the crown of the 

 trees. Ledermann spent a few weeks in the Marian, West Caroline, East Caroline, and Palau 

 Islands before returning to Europe. — K. M. Wiegand. 



1509. Newman, L. F., and G. Walworth. A preliminary note on the ecology of part of the 

 South Lincolnshire [England] Coast. Jour. Ecol. 7 : 204-210. 1919. — A survey of some 17 miles 

 of salt marsh near the mouth of the River Witham, together with the areas reclaimed by the 

 construction of a sea-wall some 70 years ago, is included in the report. The following asso- 

 ciations are recognized and lists of species for each are given. (1) Bank zone, reclaimed 

 land in permanent pasture grasses; (2) Bank-base zone, a narrow strip dominated by Agropy- 

 rum junceum and Spartina stricta; (3) Festuca rubra zone, in which there are associated with 

 the dominant species Spergularia salina and Glaux maritima; (4) Intermediate zone, in which 

 Obione portulacoides mingles with the species of the preceding association; (5) Obione zone, 

 with Obione portulacoides and Suaeda maritima; (6) Festuca-Salicornia zone, at about high 

 tide level, dominated by the genera indicated; (7) Salicornia zone, occupying the mud flats 

 and having both annual and perennial species of the genus; and (8) Algae-Zostera zone, a 

 rather narrow strip a quarter of a mile below high tide. Analyses of the various soils are 

 given, and some of the main problems of the area are indicated. — Geo. D. Fuller. 



1510. Pritzel, E. Die Grettstadter Wiesen [Germany]. [The meadows of Grettstadt.] 

 Bot. Jahrb. 55 (Beiheft) : 83-112. 1 map. 1919. — The extensive meadows about Grettstadt 

 are famous both for the abundance of showy flowers and richness in species. The underlying 

 rocks are various, but mostly calcareous. The peat is little more than 1 m. thick. "Hoch- 

 moors" are not found, owing to the lime which prevents the growth of sphagnum. Primula 

 farinosa, Gentiana verna, and other northern plants are supposed to be relics of the glacial 

 migration, but this is questioned. The former plant and Cirsium bulbosum are very charac- 

 teristic of this region. A description of the vegetation, with lists of species, is given under 

 the following headings: I. Vegetation of the meadows. 1. The true meadows. 2. The 

 depressions; (a) border ditches, (b) pockets of rushes. 3. Meadow shrubbery. Comparison 

 with meadows of northern Germany. II. Forest ; all deciduous, the predominating trees being 

 Quercus pedunculata and Fraxinus excelsior. The undergrowth is rich and interesting. III. 

 Water vegetation, in the "Unken" brook and water holes. IV. Vegetation on dry sandy 

 soil; found in a few limited localities near the meadows. The transition zone between this 

 vegetation and that of the meadow is interesting. V. Plants of the gypsum hills; these are 

 predominatingly lime-loving plants. A few true calciphiles are lacking, probably due to a 

 deleterious effect of the dolomite or gypsum; on the other hand a few of the plants present 

 such as Adonis vernalis, Astragalus danicus and Stipa capillata seem to prefer gypsum. 

 The scrub forests on the hillsides are interesting in their undergrowth. — K. M. Wiegand. 



1511. Ramaley, Francis. Subalpine lake-shore vegetation in north-central Colorado. 

 Amer. Jour. Bot. 7: 57-74. 6 fig. 1920. — The physiography, climate, and soil of a subalpine 

 area in north-central Colorado are recorded; and the lake-shore vegetation of a large number 



