No. 4, January, 1921] MORPHOLOGY, ETC., VASC. PLANTS 275 



were confined in glass tubes, and their diameter much reduced. Such roots differed from those 

 in contact with soil in having a much reduced surface layer which was only slightly water- 

 proofed. The parenchyma is much reduced, and the medullary ra\ - are abundantly liqui- 

 fied. In roots which normally develop fibers I Solarium oleraceum) such I issues are completely 

 suppressed. On the other hand, the tissues of the vascular system are little modified. Au- 

 thor finds that there are "tissues of adaptation," winch are modified by external conditions, 

 and "functional tissues," which are little modified by external factors.— V. II. Young. 



1895. Burkill, I. H. Notes on Dipterocarps. No. 4. Jour. Straits Branch Roy. Asiatic 

 Soc. 81: 49-76. 213 fig. 1920.— A continuation of notes No. 1, 2, and 3 in which the morpho- 

 logy of the seed and seedling of Anisoptera costata Korth, Shorea macroptera Dyer, S. parvi- 

 folia Dyer, S. bracteolata Dyer, S. rigida Brandis, S. gibbosa Brandis, 8. leprosula Miq. and 

 S. robusta Gaertn f. were given. The present note deals with the morphology of the embryo 

 and seedling and position of the flower of Diplerocarpus alatus of Penang (?Rob), D. fagineus 

 Vesque, D. cornutus Dyer, D. sp. nov., D. Scortechinii King, D. grandiflorus Blanco, D. crini- 

 tus Dyer, D. Kerrii King, Dyobalanops aromatica Gaertn f., Hopea micrantha Hook f., H. 

 mengarawan Miq., Balanocarpus Curtisii King, B. zeylanicus Trim., Vatica nitens King, 

 Retinodendron pallidum King, Anisoptera costata Korth., A. Curtisii Dyer, Balanocarpus 

 penangianus King, Shorea costata King, S. materialis Ridley, S. gratissima Dyer, S. pauci- 

 fl&ra Dyer, S. utilis King, S. macroptera Dyer, S. parvifolia Dyer, S. scutulata King, S. Cur- 

 tisii King, S. sericea Dyer, S. rigida Brandis, S. bracteolata Dyer, and Pachynocarpus 

 Wallichii.—T. F. Chipp. 



1896. Burkill, I. II. Notes on Dipterocarps. No. 5. Jour. Straits Branch Roy. Asiatic 

 Soc. 81 : 3-4. 5 fig. 1920. — A description of the morphology of the embryo and seedling of 

 Balanocarpus maximus King.— 7\ F. Chipp. 



1897. De Wildeman, Em. Sur la Macaranga saccifera Pax, Euphorbiacee mynnecophile 

 de l'Afrique tropicale. iOn Macaranga saccifera Pax, a myrmacophilous plant of tropical 

 Africa.] Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris 169: 394-396. 1919.— Author describes certain glands 

 and sacs produced by the stipules of Macaranga saccifera Pax., a member of the Euphorbiaceae 

 and a native of Belgian Congo and the surrounding country. Another species of Macaranga 

 (M. caladifolia Beccari) has inflated hollow stems inhabited by ants; by some it is considered 

 probable that the stipular sacs of M. saccifera are also inhabited by ants. Author finds that 

 in spite of evidence of the presence of ants in the stipular sacs of the latter species, there is 

 not enough evidence to conclude that the glandular structures found there are for the pur- 

 pose of attracting ants. The matter of plant and ant symbiosis is briefly discussed. — V. H. 

 Young. 



1S98. Dupler, A. W. Staminate strobilus of Taxus canadensis. Bot. Gaz. 68:345-366. 

 3 pi., 22 fig. 1919. — The staminate strobili occur in the leaf axils, the buds being first 

 distinguished from other types by the broad apex. The sporophyll primordia first appear as 

 slightly rounded lobes above the general surface and may arise in acropetal succession. The 

 archesporial initials are hypodermal cells and develop in eusporangiate fashion; they are four 

 to eight in number and are distributed around the margin of the primordium. The sporog- 

 enous tissue reaches the mother-cell stage about October 1, and forms microspores about 

 two weeks later; there is no abortion of sporangia, such as occurs in Torreya, the sporangia 

 occurring in a circle around the stalk of the sporophyll. The sporangium wall is usually two- 

 layered; the tapetum arises from the peripheral layer of the sporogenous tissue and persists 

 until after megaspore formation. The sporangium epidermis remains alive and thin-walled 

 at the base, dehiscence being accomplished by the rupture of these cells at maturity, by the 

 elongation of the stalk of the sporophyll; owing to the disintegration of the sporangium wall, 

 the epidermis is the functional wall in the later stages. The strobilus matures the latter 

 part of April; just before maturity there is an enlargement and elongation of the axis, pushing 

 the sporophylls beyond the scales. The strobili of Taxus canadensis are somewhat smaller 

 than those of T. baccata. The strobilus bundles are collateral endarch, excepting in the ter- 



