No. 4, January, 1921] PATHOLOGY 281 



1937. Chipp, T. F. A host index of fungi of the Malay Peninsula. II. Gardens' Bull. 

 Straits Settlements 2 : 270-282. 1920— See Bot. Absta. 6, Entry 1913. 



1938. Coons, G. H. The Michigan plant disease survey for 1918. Michigan Acad. Sci. 

 Ann. Rept. 21:331-343. PI. 15. 1919.— Reports are Riven upon the disease occurrence in 

 cereals, fruits, etc., in Michigan in 1918. These are the result of observations by the author 

 and by other persons cooperating. A short discussion of "The went her of 1918" and "Weather 

 injury to plants" precedes the accounts of the different crops and their diseases. — E. A. 



1939. Coons, G. H., and Genevieve Gillette. Phenol injury to apples. Michigan Acad. 

 Sci. Ann. Rept. 21:325-329. PI. 14- 1919.— As a result of tests in exposing apples to the 

 fumes of phenol in concentrations as low as 1 to 1000, blackening of the skin and flesh occurred, 

 the speed of reaction increasing with concentration of phenol and with temperature. The 

 reaction did not take place with apples which had been killed by boiling. With apple juice, 

 discoloration occurred with apple cells in the juice but not in the juice itself, upon the addi- 

 tion of phenol. "The reaction is connected with living cells and is not the mere chemical 

 effect of one substance upon another. The response of mature cells and the failure of the 

 dead cells in the mellow apples to respond point to the possibility of this substance furnishing 

 a criterion for active and for dead cells." It may be that the phenol reacts with some oxydiz- 

 ing enzyme, such as tyrosinase, producing the blackening. — G. H. Coons. 



1940. Coons, G. H., and H. H. McKinney. Formaldehyde injury to wheat. Michigan 

 Acad. Sci. Ann. Rept. 21: 321-324. 1919. —In a preliminary note authors summarize results 

 of experiments on formaldehyde injury to wheat. The injury is readily produced in the 

 laboratory, wheat being more sensitive than oats, barley, or rye. The standard wet treat- 

 ment (1 pint of formaldehyde to 40 gallons of water) or the new dry treatment (1 pint of formal- 

 dehyde atomized on 50 bushels of grain) reduces germination slightly — but not more than 10 

 per cent. Formaldehyde does not air readily out of grain. The action of this relict formal- 

 dehyde is cumulative, its toxic action being shown either by killing of embryo or by the 

 production of grave distortion. Under cold, wet conditions very little formaldehyde will air 

 from grain. Damp soil readily takes up formaldehyde from grains, preventing damage. Dry 

 soil does not take up formaldehyde readily. Toxicity of formaldehyde varies with the dilu- 

 tion. The experiments were performed with small quantities of wheat in low glass dishes, and 

 the amount of formaldehyde used was calculated from the delivery of an atomizer. The 

 treated grain was germinated in soil, blotting paper results not being found to compare with 

 field studies. — G. H. Coons. 



1941. Dufrenoy, Jean. Sur les tumeurs bacteriennes experimentales des pins. [On 

 experimental bacterial tumors of pines.] Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris 169: 545-547. 1919. — 

 Pinus sylvestris and P. laricio are deformed by tumors identical with those affecting P. 

 maritima and capable of transmission from tree to tree. By means of needle inoculations 

 from tree to tree, cankers were obtained in a few months and resinous tumors in a year. The 

 anatomy of these tumors is briefly described. The causal organism is an unnamed Coccus of 

 which pure cultures were obtained by inoculating media directly from the host. The organ- 

 ism brings about hyperplasia in the infected regions, and finally the tissues break down leaving 

 a resinous mass. — V. H. Young. 



1942. Ehrhorn, E. M. Notes on plant shipment. Hawaiian Forester and Agric. 17: 

 4-6. 1920. — This article emphasizes the importance and necessity for the rules issued by the 

 Division of Plant Inspection, and gives also directions for the safe shipment of p ants under 

 the rules. — Stanley Coulter. 



1943. Fisher, D. F., and Newcomer, E. J. Pear scab in the Pacific Northwest. Better 

 Fruit 14 9 :3-6. 1920.— A verbatim excerpt from U. S. Dept. Agric. Farmers Bull. 1056. 

 1919. 



