THE MONTHLY BULLETIN. 15 



The results shown in the accompanying tables point ont to us what 

 may be expected in future treatment, and in what manner the treat- 

 ment should he taken up. 



TABLE No. 5. 

 Cost of treatment for brown rot gummosis. 



No. 

 trees 



In 

 pint 



81 

 72 



Treatment 



Trees newly 

 Ruramed in 1914 



Number 



Per cent 



Painting Inspection 

 (material, and 

 labor) I treatment 



Tcital 

 CI .si 



Paintcil with Bordoaux paste in 1U13 1 l.i $0.11 $.1.24 $0.3.-) 



Cli(«k i>lat not painted 5 «.!) .24 .24 



One fact, more prominent than all others in eonsiderino- these tables, i.s 

 that the high percentage of cured trees comes from those that are 

 gumming only to a slight extent when discovered. To make tliis 

 discovery in time will ref|uire not less than three separate inspections, 

 and possibly four would pay on the worst infected orchards. The 

 spread of the disease around the trunk, once the infection has taken 

 place, is usually rapid, and the tree is not long in reaching the stage 

 where it is classed as medium or bad, and a cure is made difficult. The 

 tree shown in Figs. 3 and 4 was examined June 14th, and at that time 

 showed no gum. A month later when the photographs were taken 

 the disease had killed out a considerable area of bark. In one orchard 

 — previously inspected October 1, 1913 — during our inspection and 

 treatment made June 30th, four newly diseased trees were found, two 

 on which the bark was killed all the Avay around the trunk. These trees 

 w^ere lost without any attempt at treatment. One can readily realize 

 that the saving of one of these trees would have paid for two or three 

 such inspections — the cost was $4.20 — and although manure piled 

 against the trunks of these trees made possible the rapid spread of the 

 disease, an inspection about January or February, and also one in 

 ]\Iarch, would have resulted, almost certainly, in a cure. One of the 

 most important policies to be pursued in successfully handling gum- 

 mosis is, without doubt, the continual inspection and early discovery 

 of the gummed tree, when it is still in the first stages. 



Another factor which enters in, and the one which is really the con- 

 trolling element in all classes of gum treatment, is the laborer who must 

 be depended upon to do most of the work. The treatment of gum 

 requires considerable care and some experience, and many men we have 

 tried out have failed, either through carelessness or indifference, to 

 grasp its importance. When we have found a man who is able to do 

 this work successfully he is of considerable value, and the work itself 

 is of such importance as to warrant a wage slightly above that of the 

 average laborer. 



The expense attached to the treatment and preventive measures which 

 we have reviewed have been considerable, and much that has been done 

 in the past wasted, so far as curing or preventing gum is concerned, 

 but the work done since the discovery of the real nature of the disease 

 has been many times repaid in the number of trees saved. The loss 

 which we have suffered in the past from brown rot gumming has been 

 quite large and ranks next to that caused by black and purple scale. 



The expense of treatment and the loss in gummed trees may be 

 greatly reduced if successful preventive measures can be carried out, 



