THE MONTHLY BULLETIN. 29 



Sulphur by itsolf, 1 to 7; Miscible Oil No. 1, 1 to 12, combined with 

 Black Leaf 40, 1 to 1000; commercial Distillate Oil Emulsion, 1 to 12, 

 combined Avith Black Leaf 40, 1 to 1000; commercial Crude Oil 

 Ennilsion, 1 to 6, combined with Black Leaf 40, 1 to 1000; Liquid 

 Whale Oil Soap, 6 pounds to the 100 g^allons, combined with Black 

 Leaf 40, 1 to 1000; Miscible Oil No. 2, 1 to 12, combined with Black 

 Leaf 40, 1 to 1000; also. Asphalt Emulsion, 1 to 7, combined with 

 Black licaf 40, 1 to 1000. 



All of these sprays srave a considerable amount of benefit, but those 

 trees on which the hig:h fi:ravity oil emulsions were used alone, prob- 

 ably had enoug'h aphids left to infest them heavily before the season 

 was over. 



It is very i:)robablc thai during a rain>' spring or in valleys of 

 the Pacific coast where a heavy rainfall exists, the oil emulsions 

 would not wash off so readily and should be given preference over 

 lime sulphur and nicotine sprays for the control of the apple a])hids 

 during the dormant season. 



From a commercial point of view where cost is also considered, the 

 sprays which showed up the best are tlie Miscible Oil No. 1 at 

 strengths from 1 to 32 up to 1 to 15; homemade Distillate Oil Ennil- 

 sion, 1 to 6, 1 to 8; commercial Distillate Oil Ennilsion 1 to 12 to 1 to 

 20; Crude Oil Ennilsion, commercial, 1 to 9, and the stronger dilu- 

 tions; homemade Crude Oil Enndsion at 10, 12 and 15 per cent 

 strengths when made from a heavy gravity oil (preferably direct from 

 the well, the oil running from 19° to 24° Baume, and commercial 

 Lime-Sulphur solution, 1 to 6 and 1 to 7. 



The Liquid Whale Oil Soap, 6 pounds to 100, combined with Black 

 Leaf 40, 1 to 1000, appeared good from all points of vicAV, but requires 

 more experimental work before it should be adopted. 



The heavy dilutions of IMiscible Oils, commercial Crude Oil Emul- 

 sions (also the homemade) and prepared Lime-Sulphur solutions in 

 C()ml)ination Avith Black Leaf 40, 1 to 1000, Avill give good results, but 

 the cost will be too high. Wherever the homemade Distillate Oil 

 Emulsion is used, it should be made from a heavy distillate running 

 from 26° to 29°, and not from 32°-34" or a 36° distillate Avhich is 

 used for making Distillate Oil Emulsion when fighting the pear 

 thrips. 



From a commercial point of view all of these sprays can be sum- 

 marized doAvn to three ; Crude Oil Emulsion, ]\Iiscible Oils made from 

 heavy oils and Lime-Sulphur Solution at strong strengths, will be the 

 most efficient to use. 



As regards comparison of western miscible oils and eastern mis- 

 cible or soluble oils, it might be stated that most of the miscible and 

 soluble oils made in the East are a combination of light lubricating 

 oil combined Avith a A^egetable oil, and usually run about 70 per cent 

 of the mineral oil and 20 per cent of the vegetable oil (the latter 

 sulphonated), Avhile the Avestern miscible oils are usually cresolated 

 oils and usually run about 85 per cent mineral oils from an asphalt 

 base type. 



