114 THE MONTHLY BULLETIN, 



Codling Moth. 



The codling moth, or apple worm, is the most destructive insect of 

 the apple or pear that we have in this state. The larvse of the codling 

 moth, as is well known, enter the fruit and cause what is known as the 

 wormy apple or pear. The larvge of this insect are now to be found in 

 the cracks in the bark of the trees, under trash, in the packing houses, 

 find other places of shelter. In orchards in which the trees are banded 

 at this time, it will pay the grower to remove the bands and destroy all 

 hibernating worms. 



Woolly Aphis. 



Of the several pests of the apple and pear the woolly aphis is one of 

 the worst to control, as it works both underground and on the limbs. 

 The aerial form is known to practically every fruit grower, while the 

 other, being on the roots, very seldom comes to the attention of the 

 orchardist. The aphids are well known as reddish or purplish plant 

 lice, covered with a white, cottony excretion. Many of the over- winter- 

 ing aphids may be found on the roots, as well as on the limbs. 



To control those on the limbs in the winter time, spray with crude 

 oil emulsion, 20 gallons with sufficient water to fill a 200-gallon tank, 

 before the buds open. This spray will kill practically all of the plant 

 lice on the tops of the trees, and in order to prevent the over-wintering 

 aphids on the roots from ascending the trunks, band with tree tangle- 

 foot. Of course, the tanglefoot band is liable to catch much dust, thus 

 rendering it inefficient, but stiff paper placed over the tanglefoot will 

 ward off much of this dust. 



In setting out a young apple orchard, be sure that the roots of the tree 

 are free from the aphids. Northern Spy stock is little damaged, and it 

 will pay the grower to buy trees on this stock, especially if the section 

 in which the young trees are being planted is infested with this aphid. 



PLANT DISEASES. 



Potato Scab. 



The potato scab fungus causes a scabby appearance on the surface 

 of the tuber. Use clean seed in planting and treat before placing in 

 the soil by immersing the tubers about one and one half hours in a 

 solution consisting of 1 pound of formalin to 30 gallons of water. 

 If the soil is infested with this scab fungus plant to other crops for 

 several years. Tliis also destroys Rhizoctonia, another serious potato 

 fungus. 



Apple and Pear Scab. 



Scabby apples and pears are the result of the scab fungus. The 

 fungus appears as dark brown spots on the young fruit, leaves, and 

 sometimes on the blossoms. If the spring is a moist one the fungus 

 will, as a rule, do much damage. Bordeaux mixture, 5-5-50 formula, 

 is used just as the buds are opening and after the petals fall. If neces- 

 sary, the mixture can be used at later intervals. This spray can be 

 combined with the arsenate of lead spray for the codling moth, thereby 

 saving the necessity of two applications. 



'S. AV. Foster and P. R. Jones, Circular 131, Bur. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agr. 



