168 THE MONTHLY BULLETIN. 



organism, and gum may or may not be produced by the affected por- 

 tions. As control factors are recommended the Mazzard cherry as a 

 resistant stock, the cutting out of the diseased parts of the tree, and 

 sterilizing the wounds made by applying corrosive sublimate, 1 to 1000. 

 When the wounds are dry if they are covered with walnut grafting wax 

 protection against the entrance of rot fungus will be afforded. 



Rose Mildev^. 



The mildew covers the leaves, especially the young leaves, and young 

 shoots, injuring and often curling them so that very inferior flowers are 

 produced. The whitish growths of the mildew on the leaves and shoots 

 are very conspicuous, and are easily recognized as such. Thoroughly 

 dusting the bushes with flowers of sulphur every ten or twelve days is 

 usually sufficient; or spraying with a solution of liver of sulphur 

 (sulphide of potash), using 1 ounce to 30 gallons of water. Cover the 

 under sides of the leaves as well as the upper sides, and use a fresh solu- 

 tion of this spray each time it becomes necessary to control. 



Sunburn. 



Young orchard trees are very susceptible to sunburn, particularly in 

 the interior valleys, where the sun is very intense. The cambium layer 

 of the tree is killed by the heat, and as a result there is an area of dead 

 bark which furnishes an entrance to borers and rot fungi. The trunks 

 may be protected with wiiitewash, or by using wrappers of various 

 materials. 



Apple and Pear Scab. 



One of the most destructive diseases attacking the apple and pear is 

 that known as scab. It is very generally distributed over the United 

 States, and occurs in California. Cool, moist weather in the spring or 

 summer is very encouraging to the growth of this fungus, and in such 

 weather it is necessary to take active precautionary measures, or much 

 damage will be done. This fungus commonly attacks the fruit and 

 leaves, although it may sometimes be found upon the flowers and twigs. 

 The characteristic scabby spots upon the fruit and leaves will serve to 

 identify this disease. Upon the pear the infestation may be so great 

 that cracks or fissures may develop. Some varieties of pear are more 

 sasceptible than others, and it is said that in this State the Winter Nelis 

 and the Easter Beurre are more suseeptible than the Bartlett, which is 

 only resistant to an intermediate degree. Bordeaux mixture, 5-5-50 

 formula, is used just before the buds are opening, and a second or 

 third spray is sometimes applied at later intervals. Of course, the num- 

 ber of applications of this fungicide will depend upon the severity of 

 the infestation. 



Brown Rot of Stone Fruits. 



The fungus causing the brown rot of stone fruits is a well known 

 disease wherever the peach is grown throughout Europe and America. 

 Moist weather, either warm or cool, is favorable to the spread of this 

 disease. The disease first makes itself evident as small, dark brown 



