252 THE MONTHLY BULLETIN. 



"40" to 200 gallons of water gave very satisfactory results in the con- 

 trol of vine hoppers in that all of the nymphs present at the time of 

 application were killed. This reduced the infestation sufficiently to 

 prevent any serions injury by vine hoppers during the remainder of the 

 season. Hard whale oil soap, 12 to 16 pounds and Black leaf "40," 

 1 pint to 200 gallons of water, gave similar results. Both were appar- 

 ently safe at this concentration. This represents the maximum con- 

 centration that could be used, however, and grape growers are advised 

 not to use more than 1 gallon of liquid soap or more than 16 pounds of 

 hard whale oil soap to 200 gallons of spray. Common laundry soap 

 chips, 10 pounds to 200 gallons of water used in combination with 

 Black leaf "40" produced no injury and were reasonably effective. 

 Laundry chips were not satisfactory, however, because of the difficulty 

 in dissolving in the spray tank and the great amount of foam pro- 

 duced. Twenty pounds of laundry chips to 200 gallons of water pro- 

 duced much injury to the fruit and are unsafe to use. .These soap and 

 nicotine combinations of course have no eft'ect in mildew control. 



Another combination of soap and flowers of sulphur mixed with 

 water and nicotine was tried but found to be unsatisfactory. The 

 sulphur settled l^adly, clogged the nozzles, did not spread satisfac- 

 torily over the foliage, was not adhesive and did not give satisfactory 

 mildew control. Jt was necessary to apply dry sulphur later in the 

 season in about the same i)r()p()rtions as though the vines had not 

 been previously sprayed. 



For the control of vine hoppers alone, the following formula was 



recommended : 



Li(jnid vvliale oil soap ;__ 1 gallon 



lihuk It'nf "40." or sulphate of nicotint' 1 pint 



Water to make 200 gallons 



If it is desired to control mildew at the same time, add 24 pounds 

 of Atomic sulphur to each 200 gallons of water. If the Atomic sul- 

 phur is added the soap may be greatly reduced or entirely omitted 

 if the work is done l)efore the nymphs are more than half grown. 



In spraying for the control of mildew and vine hoppers it is of 

 great(\st importance to thoroughly cover the under surface of all 

 leaves and to use a spray or combination of sprays that will spread 

 evenly over these surfaces. The great advantage of using the Atomic 

 sulphur as a liquid spray over the applications of dry suli)hur is 

 acconq)liKhed by better covering the foliage and canes witb a more 

 finely divided form of sulphur that is adhesive which stays on the 

 foliage and which is not blown off by winds. ncitluM- is it easily washed 

 off' by rains. 



Vine hoppers can l)e successfully controlled by one application and 



in vineyards where mildew does not cause any injury until after the 



grapes are through ])looming, it can also l)e eff'ectively controlled at 



the same time by the one application of 



Atomic sulphur 24 pounds 



Black leaf "40," or sulphate of nicotine 1 pint 



Water to make 20O gallons 



The Atomic sulphur serves as a carrier and spreader for the nico- 

 tine as well as controlling mildew, and when used at sufficient concen- 

 tration kills most of the \'oung lio])pers hatching from eggs for a week 



