THE MONTHLY BULLETIN. 253 



to ten (lays after the vines are sprayed. On Emperors and similar 

 varieties where the nnder surfaces of the leaves are covered witli exces- 

 sive hairy pube.seence or when many of tlie hoppers are more than 

 lialf grown, it will be of advantage to add from one half to one gallon 

 of licpiid whale oil soap to each 200 gallons of spray. For best results 

 in controlling vine hopper.s, spray the vines when the nymphs become 

 numerous on the leaves and ])efore any have reached the winged state. 

 This will usually be just after blooming and as soon as the grapes 

 have set. It is not possible to kill the adult or winged form by spray- 

 ing the vines. In those vineyards where mildew begins development 

 early in the season, the vines should be sprayed once before blooming 

 for mildew control, although no good can be acc(miplished in vine 

 hopper control by spraying at this time. 



