342 THE MONTHLY BULLETIN. 



it as his belief that their life never exceeds four days. The female 

 places her eggs in the younger and more tender leaves toward the 

 ends of the twigs, and so far as I have observed, on the under side of 

 the leaves. The egg is almost elliptical in shape and is about twice 

 as long as broad. It is reddish yellow in color and about %o of a 

 millimeter in length. 



THE LARVA. 



The larva is legless as are all maggots, living between the two layers 

 of leaf tissue, and when full grown is of a yellowish orange color. 

 It is about I of an inch in length. I have not seen the young larvae, 

 but Chaine says they are whitish or almost colorless, later becoming 

 a yellowish green. The segments are very distinct and separated by 

 deep sutures, the thoracic segment being considerably Avider than the 

 remaining ones. 



The insect apparently passes the winter as a larva, and according 

 to Chaine has Init one generation per annum. 



THE PUPA. 



The pupa is at first an orange yellow color, but gradually becomes 

 nnich darker. The antenna^ and wing pads are very distinct. When 

 the adult emerges through a hole in the leaf, the pupal skin is 

 generally left standing out at nearly right angles and attached by 

 the posterior end. I have not found more than five insects in a 

 single leaf, and generally only one. Chaine found a maximum of 

 seventeen, and considers nine the average number. 



CONTROL. 



On account of the protected method of feeding, control of this 

 insect presents some difficulty. We do not have any information at 

 hand regarding the distribution of this pest in our own State, but it 

 is hoped that the infestation is confined to that region where it was 

 observed by the writer. Should this prove to be the case, efl:'orts 

 against this insect should be directed toward extermination rather 

 than toward control only. Chaine recommends defoliation during 

 February. This would be a rather laborious undertaking, but if there 

 is any possibility of exterminating the pest before further .spread 

 is accomplished, it would seem well worth while. In defoliating it 

 would be necessary to remove only the infested leaves, which, in 

 February, are very easily recognized by their abnormal shape and 

 color. According to Chaine, it is only necessary to drop the leaves 

 upon the ground, and the larvae soon succumb as the leaves dry. 

 If, unfortunately, the insect should be found to have spread beyond 

 the possibility of extermination, other means should perhaps be 

 adopted. Dr. Felt has carried on a number of experiments in New 

 Yoi-k against the leaf-miner.* Fumigation Avith carbon-bisulphid Avas 

 successful, without apparent injury to the foliage. Chemically pure 

 ammonia killed the larv«, but resulted in serious injury to the 

 foliage. Potassium cyanide, at the rate of 1 ounce to 400 cubic feet. 

 killed some of the larva? and did not injure the foliage. It Avould 

 seem that this method might be effective in killing the larvae if more 



•Journ. Econ. Ent., Vol Aail, PH?. S4-95. 



