Page 18 



BETTER FRUIT 



August 



BEFORE using Cement Coated Nails 



Western Cement Coated Nails 

 for Western Growers 



Our Cement Coated Nails are always of 

 uniform length, gauge, head and count. 

 Especially adapted to the manufacture of 

 fruit boxes and crates. In brief, they are 

 the Best on the Market. 



Write for Growers' testimonials. 



Colorado Fuel & Iron Co. 



DENVER, COLORADO 



Pacific Coast Sales Offices 



Portland, Spokane, San Francisco 



Los Angeles 



AFTER use of C. F. & I. Co.' 

 Cement Coated Nails 



Grape Culture 



By W. Obermeyer, Emmett, Idaho 



IN this article on grape culture I shall 

 confine myself to a talk on the native 

 varieties suited to the climate of South- 

 ern Idaho. I have some of the Euro- 

 pean varieties of bearing age, but they 

 have not proven satisfactory, and I do 

 not recommend them for Southern 

 Idaho. Our climate is too severe for 

 them as a commercial crop. 



In planting a vineyard, about the first 

 thing to consider is the matter of loca- 

 tion; experience has proven that the 

 best fruit is grown on hill slopes, and 

 sandy ground is preferred to any other. 

 If the soil is not naturally fertile 

 enough, it should be made so by the 

 plowing under of any legume crop, or 

 the addition of barnyard manure. Next 

 in order is to determine the variety to 

 grow. The Concord is the best flavored 

 and the best seller, yet this variety re- 

 quires a rather long season to mature 

 its fruit, and if you have any doubt at 

 all as to your length of season, plant 

 the Moore's Early, or the Worden, both 

 of which are excellent grapes and 

 almost equal to the Concord in hardi- 

 ness and flavor. Moore's Early is very 

 early, ripening here in the Payette Val- 

 ley almost a month ahead of the Con- 

 cord; the Worden is midway between. 

 These three varieties are black grapes, 

 and good sellers. For commercial vari- 

 eties confine your planting to these 

 three. 



Having determined the variety best 

 suited to your locality, get one-year- 

 old No. 1 vines from a reliable nursery, 

 or grow the plants from cuttings. Set 

 the plants 10 by 10 feet apart, and give 

 the best of care. Irrigate when neces- 

 sary. It is usually best to grow some 

 cultivated crop between the rows the 

 first two years, and the care that will 

 make a big crop of potatoes or melons 

 is just the care the young vines require. 

 If your young vines have had the right 

 care they are ready, after the second 

 season, to be trellised. It is the com- 

 mon practice to furnish two sizes 

 (No. 9 or No. 10) black wire strung on 

 posts 30 feet apart. The first wire 2 Ms 

 feet from the ground, and the other 

 5 feet high. The end post should be 

 set three feet in the ground and be well 



braced, so as to be able to withstand 

 the strain of a heavy crop. Probably 

 the pruning hasn't bothered you much 

 as yet. The first year's growth was not 

 heavy, and you have pruned to a single 

 cane, and cut that back to a few buds; 

 the second season's growth was better, 

 and you will leave one long cane to be 

 tied to the top wire, and perhaps two 

 short canes to be run out along the 

 lower wire. The vines will bear a fair 

 crop the third season and make a good 

 wood growth. The next spring you may 

 leave four canes for fruiting. Keep, as 

 a permanent trunk, the vine that you 

 led to the top wire the previous season, 

 cutting off your surplus wood as close 

 to the permanent stalk as possible. 

 Thus you always have a neat, clean 

 vine, easy to prune. Tie the canes out 

 along the wire, fastening them securely 

 so the wind won't whip them around. 

 Do not make a tie so tight that your 



vine will choke when it begins to en- 

 large; leave room for expansion. I will 

 conclude with a few general remarks. 

 The Knieffen system of pruning is 

 probably the easiest system and is very 

 satisfactory. On sloping, sandy ground 

 grape vines can stand a lot of irriga- 

 tion and profit by it. On valley bot- 

 toms, especially where the water table 

 is near the surface, great care should 

 be used in watering. It is safe, how- 

 ever, to keep the ground reasonbly 

 moist. Cultivation can usually be 

 stopped in midsummer so as to allow 

 the canes to ripen. All of that part of 

 the current season's growth that has 

 not matured will winter kill. 



Probably barnyard manure will sup- 

 ply all the requirements of the vines as 

 to fertilization. Crimson clover could 

 be sowed, after cultivation ceases, and 

 plowed under the succeeding spring. I 

 have tried this, and it is a success. 

 Many growers use rye as a cover crop. 

 A vineyard properly cared for will last 

 practically forever. 



Excursion Fares 

 to the Seashore 



Tillamook County Beaches 



have many delightful resorts. 

 Low Round Trip Fares. 



Newport, 



with its agate beaches and surf bathing 

 will always be popular. 



Low Round Trip Fares. 



Ask your local agent, or write for booklet descriptive of Newport or 

 Tillamook County Beaches to 



John M. Scott, General Passenger Agent, 

 Portland, Oregon 



Southern 



ific Lines 



