Page 8 



BETTER FRUIT 



September 



AVERAGE OF PRICES RECEIVED BY PRODUCERS OF THE UNITED STATES. 

 Prices Of articles quoted below as first of month are averages of reports of county crop reporters, weighted according to relative importance 

 oi counts -"i' 1 state; fifteenth of month prices are averages of returns from a list of about 7,000 country buyers; state averages are weighted 

 according to their re lative impo rtance to obtain the United States averages, prices in same units as in table bv slates above 



Wheal 



1 



Oats 



Barley 



Rye 



Buckwheat . . . 



Potatoes 



S\\ eet Potatoes 



Flaxseed 



Hay 



Apples 



Cotton 



Butter 



Chickens 



90.-1 



78.1 

 49.8 

 57.1 

 71.2 

 80.1 

 83.6 



107.1 

 9.28 



10.3 



os 



107.1 

 75.2 

 50.0 

 61.2 



78.5 

 82.9 

 85.1 



137.0 

 9.74 



11.3 

 22.4 

 19.2 

 11.2 



98.9 

 67.2 

 41.7 

 54.7 

 74.4 

 74.8 

 64.9 



209.7 

 11.29 



14.3 

 23.8 

 17.6 

 12.2 



82.7 

 05.8 

 40.2 

 09.3 

 75.5 

 76.0 

 136.0 



199.2 

 14.67 



13.2 

 21.7 

 15.5 

 11.2 



os 



89.7 

 79.3 

 44.3 

 66.8 

 77.9 

 83.6 

 86.5 



175.2 

 12.98 



12.0 

 23.7 

 17.4 

 11.3 



77.1 

 65.4 

 37.6 

 50.8 

 60.7 

 72.4 

 69.2 



118.6 

 11.16 



11.5 

 24.9 

 17.2 

 12.4 



OS 



76.5 

 76.8 

 36.7 

 45.1 

 61.0 

 81.2 

 87.1 

 97.5 

 150.7 

 11.52 



12.4 

 23.7 

 18.2 

 12.8 



106.5 

 78.9 

 45.4 

 56.7 

 89.0 

 89.2 

 56.3 

 85.8 

 144.6 

 11.02 



8.1 

 24.2 

 17.0 

 12.2 



OS 



107.1 

 79.4 

 40.1 

 59.3 

 83.4 

 89.0 

 95.4 

 87.1 

 178.1 

 10.68 

 80.4 

 12.6 

 26.1 

 20.7 

 13.8 



131.2 

 83.6 

 43.1 

 72.9 

 99.7 

 86.4 



109.3 

 89.9 



190.2 



10.42 

 77.7 

 14.6 

 27.4 

 23.3 

 13.9 



136.3 

 82.3 

 44.5 

 76.5 



104.1 

 90.4 



112.0 

 83.7 



199.2 



10.36 

 83.1 

 15.5 

 29.0 

 28.1 

 14.3 



158.4 



85.0 



49.0 



83.2 



115.3 



102.9 



135.7 



80.6 



234.7 



10.68 



87.6 



18.0 



31.1 



32.2 



14.3 



160.S 



88.9 



52.4 



88.2 



122.1 



112.9 



146.1 



84.8 



248.1 



11.21 



91.8 



19.6 



34.4 



38.1 



14.2 



OS 



150.3 



90.0 



51.4 



87.1 



118.5 



117.2 



147.3 



90.1 



250.7 



11.19 



101.1 



17.1 



34.0 



37.7 



13.9 



164.8 



95.8 



55.2 



92.7 



123.5 



114.6 



172.4 



95.8 



253.7 



11.96 



110.0 



16.8 



33.5 



35.8 



14.7 



164.4 



100.9 



56.9 



96.9 



126.0 



124.8 



240.7 



110.7 



253.1 



12.14 



123.3 



15.9 



34.1 



33.8 



15.5 



180.0 



113.4 



61.5 



102.3 



135.6 



128.3 



234.7 



124.0 



266.1 



13.05 



133.0 



18.0 



33.5 



25.9 



16.1 



245.9 



150.6 



71.0 



1 !_<{>. 1 



164.1 



150.6 



279.6 



141.3 



300.0 



14.44 



149.8 



18.9 



36.1 



30.0 



17.5 



248.5 

 160.1 



69.9 



119.3 



183.0 



183.7 



274.0 



149.4 



298.8 



15.25 



157.2 



20.2 



35.0 



31.1 



17.5 



220.1 



164.6 



68.9 



106.6 



177.1 



209.2 



247.9 



140.5 



278.0 



14.56 



151.1 



24.7 



33.5 



28.3 



17.3 



228.9 



196.6 



73.7 



111.5 



178.1 



189.3 



170.8 



129.3 



271.6 



13.42 



127.0 



24.3 



34.0 



29.8 



17.1 



AVERAGE OF PRICES RECEIVED BY PRODUCERS OF THE UNITED STATES 



Hogs 



Beef cattle 



Veal calves 



Sheep 



Lambs 



Wool 



Milk (wholesale) 



Milch cows 



Horses 



Cabbage 



Onions 



Beans 



Hav— 



Timothy 



Clover 



Alfalfa 



Timothy seed . . . 



Clover seed 



Alafalfa seed . . . 



Cotton seed 



Broom corn 



Cowpcas 



Kafir corn 



Bran 



Cottonseed meal . 



Peanuts 



Hops 



Cottonseed hulls 

 Peaches 



OS 



8.15 

 4.84 



6.37 



5.47 



6.71 



19.0 



21.0 



42.86 



148 



2.27 



l!04 



2.34 



7.17 

 180 



22 



32.38 

 5.2 



5.92 



4.28 



5.74 



4.19 



5.42 



15.4 



20.9 



42.44 



139 



2.93 



1.22 



2.23 



5.48 

 8.83 



22.70 

 68 



25.80 

 31.17 



5.0 

 25.8 



6.64 



5.17 



6.33 



4.21 



5.74 



18.9 



22.2 



45.41 



142 



2.29 



1.14 



2.47 



5.96 

 10.64 



8.32 

 19.04 



28.41 

 31.82 



4.9 

 28.9 



1.51| 1.12 



7.81 



5.98 



7.46 



4.20 



6.05 



15.9 



20.7 



54.80 



143 



2.64 



1.02 



2.22 



1.94 



9.78 



8.20 



21.37 



57 



24.65 

 31.56 



5.1 

 14.8 



1.30 



7.72 

 6.38 

 7.80 

 4.75 

 6.55 

 18.5 



59.67 

 137 

 2.66 

 1.70 

 2.22 



13.06 



11.85 



8.65 



2.32 



8.12 



6.92 



22.78 



88 



26.36 



32.02 



5.2 



14.7 



1.20 



6.84 



6.07 



7.87 



5.35 



7.21 



24.2 



20.2 



60.31 



134 



1.95 



.93 



2.75 



13.43 

 11.65 

 8.28 

 2.57 

 7.96 

 8.51 

 20.05 

 79 



27.47 

 31.36 



4.7 

 10.5 

 9.05 

 1.00 



8.40 



6.78 



8.54 



6.33 



8.16 



28.6 



20.5 



62.04 



133 



2.15 



1.47 



5.09 



12.97 



10.84 



9.87 



3.08 



9.15 



10.30 



30.00 



103 



1.35 



0.63 



25.81 



34.93 



4.6 

 10.1 

 15.43 

 1.09 



8.67 



6.37 



8.59 



6.20 



8.02 



28.7 



22.2 



62.19 



130 



2.40 



1.31 



4.47 



11.54 



10.08 



10.25 



2.27 



8.54 



8.61 



47.19 



168 



1.48 



.81 



28.48 



37.80 



4.4 

 21.0 

 14.41 

 1.12 



8.74 



6.44 



8.60 



6.41 



8.41 



29.4 



23.0 



62.67 



129 



2.61 



1.54 



5.53 



12.03 



10.46 



11.37 



2.25 



9.20 



8.30 



55.82 



173 



1.62 



1.02 



31.54 



41.52 



4.4 

 21.5 

 17.28 



OS 



8.76 



6.56 



8.79 



6.7 



8.7: 



30.8 



23.6 



63.18 



129 



3.04 



1.76 



5.77 



12.29 



10.86 



12.31 



2.31 



9.40 



8.56 



56.35 



172 



1.77 



1.02 



32.49 



42.96 



4.7 

 18.2 

 17.70 



9.16 



6.86 



9.15 



7.33 



9.59 



31.8 



23.6 



03.92 



129 



3.05 



2.08 



5.71 



12.01 



11.38 



12.79 



2.44 



9.60 



7.97 



52.53 



184 



1.92 



1.19 



32.76 



42.95 



4.9 

 11.8 

 17.93 



10.33 



7.36 



9.88 



8.17 



10.51 



32.7 



24.0 



65.93 



131 



5.65 



3.58 



6.07 



12.91 



11.65 



13.03 



2.46 



9.87 



7.75 



51.43 



201 



2.10 



1.29 



34.87 



43.33 



.3 



12.32 



7.91 



9.94 



9.21 



11.46 



36.7 



23.8 



68.40 



133 



6.77 



4.76 



6.49 



13.20 



11.90 



14.68 



2.70 



10.32 



8.53 



53.18 



212 



2.32 



1.47 



38.33 



43.67 



5.5 



18.49 



•I 



18.39 



a 

 < 



13.61 



8.57 



10.49 



9.69 



12.03 



38.4 



24.4 



72.09 



136 



7.61 



4.96 



7.37 



14.26 



13.06 



17.68 



2.76 



10.41 



9.03 



55.94 



227 



2.53 



1.52 



42.07 



44.73 



6.2 



19.09 



13.72 



8.70 



10.48 



10.15 



12.51 



43.7 



25.2 



72.78 



138 



7.53 



3.98 



8.94 



15.31 



13.94 



17.92 



3.09 



10.40 



8.85 



55.61 



252 



2.93 



1.88 



44.19 



45.62 



7.2 



19.65 



13.50 



8.65 



10.60 



9.84 



12.64 



49.8 



24.8 



72.87 



137 



5.10 



3.08 



8.99 



15.76 



14.22 



16.77 



3.09 



10.29 



8.61 



57.19 



223 



3.09 



2.06 



40.83 



45.14 



7.7 



- 



13.35 



8.30 



10.77 



9.32 



11.19 



54.3 



24.6 



72.81 



135 



3.23 



2.01 



8.07 



14.68 



12.95 



14.13 



3.04 



10.50 



8.71 



56.90 



194 



3.03 



2.14 



40.40 



46.45 



7.6 



19.46 19.72 

 1.701 1.45 



Bitter Pit — It's Cause and Control 



[Continued from August number] 



The control of bitter pit in the fruit, 

 both while growing on the tree and in 

 oversea shipments, was the final object 

 of this investigation, and a study of the 

 cause was a necessary preliminary. It 

 has been proved experimentally that 

 when fruit is picked on the green side 

 or just when it is beginning to reach 

 the ripening stage, and kept in cold 

 storage at a temperature of 30-32 de- 

 grees Fahrenheit, the development of 

 bitter pit is retarded and the ripening 

 process arrested. From the very nature 

 of the disease it is hardly possible to 

 prevent it altogether while the fruit is 

 still growing on the tree, but it has 

 been found practicable to reduce it to 

 such an extent that the loss is compara- 

 tively trifling. 



The results of experiments in differ- 

 ent states enable us to draw the con- 

 clusion that light pruning is associated 

 with a small amount of pit, and severe 

 pruning with a large amount. A special 

 pruning experiment, extending over five 

 years, with Cleopatra trees which were 

 nine years old to start with, and had 

 been so badly affected with pit that the 

 orchardist had cut most of them down, 



shows the effect of pruning very de- 

 cidedly. The leader and lightly-pruned 

 trees had the largest crops with from 

 4 to 6 per cent pitted, while the 

 severely-pruned trees had 22 per cent 

 pitted. 



Where irrigation is practiced, a 

 proper use of the water will help to 

 reduce pit. An experiment was con- 

 ducted with a susceptible variety at the 

 susceptible age of five years. Where 

 the trees were lightly watered through- 

 out the season there was 14 per cent of 

 pit, while in trees with a medium sup- 

 ply of water at first but a heavy water- 

 ing toward the end of the period, pit 

 was much worse. The heavily-watered 

 trees showed over three times the 

 amount of pit, or 90 per cent. 



The application of sulphate of iron, 

 in several instances, gave very prom- 

 ising results, and it is worthy of being 

 tried on a large scale, as well as for a 

 sufficient number of seasons. Experi- 

 ments on a limited scale show that the 

 yield was increased and the amount of 

 pit considerably reduced when sulphate 

 of iron was applied at the rate of one 

 to two pounds per tree. 



There are two series of experiments 

 which were initiated at the commence- 

 ment of this investigation and which 

 may be found to help considerably in 

 reducing the pit, but from their very 

 nature require a considerable time to 

 yield reliable results. I refer to the 

 experiments with stocks and the prun- 

 ing experiments, combined with thin- 

 ning of the fruits. The stock experi- 

 ments are being conducted at the 

 School of Horticulture, Burnley, and 

 the trees are enclosed in a bird-proof 

 screen, so that the fruit is not inter- 

 fered with by birds nor small animals. 

 The trees are now coming into bearing, 

 being five years old from planting, and 

 with the crop carefully gathered and 

 the percentage of pit determined for at 

 least five seasons, the effect of the stock 

 on the development of pit will be 

 demonstrated. Through the courtesy of 

 the director of the Royal Ciardens, Kew, 

 England, I have received a supply of 

 pips and cuttings of the Wild Crab 

 Apple of Britain, and these will also be 

 tested as stocks with different varieties 

 of marketable apples. There is a pos- 

 sibility that the stock might affect the 

 scion in such a way as to render the 



Continued on page 26 



