19 1 7 



The Walnut— Cultural Methods 



Continued from page 7. 



Grafting old walnut trees in order to 

 form a top of some more desirable vari- 

 ety than the original has long been 

 practiced in a small way in California, 

 but has been confined mostly to black- 

 walnut stocks. Roadside trees and 

 small orchards have been worked over 

 at various times, running back as far as 

 1893 at Vacaville and 1891 at San Jose. 

 Some of these trees now have a spread 

 of branches of 60 to 80 feet. 



The average seedling walnut orchard 

 is not satisfactory for several reasons; 

 the nuts are uneven in size and form 

 and the trees are neither even in size 

 nor equal in production. It may be 

 said that about one-fourth the trees 

 produce but few walnuts, another one- 

 fourth produce about enough to pay 

 their own expenses, leaving the other 

 half to make whatever profit is ob- 

 tained. When the orchard is of grafted 

 trees, grown from scions which came 

 from trees that produce large crops, 

 each tree will produce nuts like every 

 other tree, and if the selection of 

 nursery stock has been properly done 

 the trees will be very uniform in all 

 respects. Several styles of grafting 

 have been practiced and all have had 

 a fair degree of success, but modifica- 

 tions of the cleft graft have been most 

 generally used, each operator making 

 changes as he thought best. If the trees 

 are from two to three inches in diam- 

 eter they may be cut off at about four 

 feet above the ground, and below the 

 branches, then three or four scions 

 may be placed in one stock, or three or 

 four of the branches may be cut off at 

 ten to twenty inches from the body and 

 the scions inserted. 



It is seldom profitable to top graft 

 very old trees because of the amount 

 of work, and the care which is neces- 



BETTER FRUIT 



Page 19 



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