19 1 7 



BETTER FRUIT 



Page 23 



Northwest Fruit in Brazil 



Horace A. Cardinell. Department of Agriculture, 

 Rio Janeiro. Brazil. 



ON December 30, 1916, nine men, 

 contracted by the Minister of Agri- 

 culture of Brazil, sailed from the port 

 of New York, accompanied by Mr. A. V. 

 d'Oliveira Castro, representing the De- 

 partment of Agriculture of Brazil. 

 Three of these men are under the 

 Climatology Division, working mainly 

 on deciduous fruits, which as yet are 

 practically unknown to the fruit grow- 

 ers of this semi-tropical country. The 

 Pomological Division is composed of 

 O. T. Clawson, formerly inspector at 

 large of the Wenatchee Valley; William 

 Johnstone, of the University of Ken- 

 tucky, and myself. As we stepped 

 aboard the Lloyd Brazilian steamer 

 "Minas Geraes" that cold December 

 morning in New York we were greatly 

 surprised to sec several hundred boxes 

 of Wenatchee Valley and Blue Diamond 

 Brand Hood River apples being loaded 

 into the hold. 



Three days after leaving New York 

 City we reached what would corre- 

 spond to a typical middle of May day 

 in the Northwest and two days more 

 brought us to very warm weather at 

 Porto Rico. I am trying to give com- 

 parative climatic conditions in order 

 that Northwest growers may realize 

 the extremes and sudden changes of 

 temperature and humidity to which this 

 fruit was subjected, for after accom- 

 panying this fruit to its destination we 

 were all surprised at its condition, 

 which I will describe later. Twelve 

 days from New York we entered the 

 Tocantins River, a branch of the 

 Amazon, and after a half-day run up 

 this jungle-banked river we came to the 

 wonderful City of Belem, Para, the 

 richest rubber center in the world. 



That afternoon, ashore, we happened 

 upon a prominent merchant of Para, 

 and Mr. Castro learned for us, as none 

 of the rest of us could speak Portu- 

 guese, that this merchant had pur- 

 chased the larger part of this cargo of 

 apples and pears. Learning our inter- 

 est in this shipment of fruit, the owner 

 volunteered to meet us the next after- 

 noon in the customs house, where he 

 would allow us to open several boxes. 

 Also I might state that quite a friendly 

 rivalry had occurred between Mr. 

 Clawson and myself, for I had spent 

 seven years in Hood River on my 

 uncle's ranch, the late Mr. H. S. Butter- 

 lield. Hence Wenatchee and Hood 

 River had it out twenty miles from the 

 equator over the keeping quality of the 

 fruit from the two districts. Much was 

 the surprise of all concerned on open- 

 ing many boxes of Spilzenbergs from 

 Hood River and Home Beauty from 

 Wenatchee to And the Homes compara- 

 tively free from storage scald and only 

 one specimen among the Spilzenbergs 

 thai showed any decay. 



We reached Rio de Janeiro January 

 25, 1916, and on the 2,Slh we were in- 

 vited as a guest of Dr. Besara, Minister 

 of Agriculture of Brazil, to attend the 

 "Third Grand Horticultural Exposi- 

 tion," held in the capital. Here we saw 

 displays of imported as well as native 



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