I 9 I/ 



in cider. It usually takes about equal 

 quantities of sweet cider and sliced 

 apples to make butter of the right con- 

 sistency. In other words, two gallons 

 of sweet cider should be boiled down 

 to one gallon, and two gallons of the 

 prepared apples should be added to it 

 either uncooked or as apple sauce. 

 The two essentials of good apple but- 

 ter are long, slow cooking — from four 

 to six hours — and frequent stirring. If 

 sugar is used, it should be added after 

 the cooking is about two-thirds done. 

 About one pound of sugar is the usual 

 proportion for each gallon of apple 

 butter but more or less may be used 

 to suit the taste. The butter may be 

 spiced with cinnamon, cloves and all- 

 spice, or with any one of the three, 

 the spices being stirred in when the 

 cooking is finished. While still boil- 

 ing hot the butter should be packed in 

 sterilized glass receptacles, or in stone 

 jars, with thorough precautions against 

 spoiling as with any other preserves. 



Apple Butter Without Cider. 



Good apple butter may be made 

 without cider. In this case enough 

 water is added to make a thin apple 

 sauce. Brown sugar rather than white 

 sugar is ordinarily used. If a grape 

 flavor is desired, it may be obtained 

 by the use of grape juice in the pro- 

 portion of one pound to each gallon 

 of the peeled and sliced apple. There 

 should also be added a cup of brown 

 sugar and one-fourth teaspoonful salt. 

 When the desired thickness is ob- 

 tained, one teaspoonful cinnamon is 

 stirred in. 



Pear butter is made like apple but- 

 ter without the cider. 



BETTER FRUIT 



Page 25 



Distributing Fertilizer 



Not enough attention is paid on the 

 average farm or orchard to the matter 

 of securing distribution throughout the 

 lower soil of the commercial fertilizers 

 that are applied. A careful examina- 

 tion of orchard soils which have had 

 water applied in furrows or basins for 

 several years will show an accumula- 

 tion of nitrates especially, just under 

 the surface at the points where the 

 water stood last. If certain trees hap- 

 pen to stand with roots close under 

 these areas, they probably are thrifty; 

 if a little farther away, they may be 

 starving. 



The trouble is due to the fact that 

 the pore spaces of the soil are clogged 

 enough to cause the earth to act as a 

 filter. The water which seeps and 

 percolates slowly downward and in 

 other directions is robbed of the plant 

 food dissolved in it. In time the 

 clogging may continue till an actual 

 cementing takes place, and the soil, 

 though mellow and open when the 

 trees were planted, actually may take 

 a hardpan condition. 



Aside from the matter of distribu- 

 tion of fertilizer, such soils give 

 trouble in the application of water. 

 They will not take water as rapidly as 

 they should, nor will they hold a suf- 

 ficient supply in capillary form to 



IM»|i'll'll» 



Holt 



TPPTOtACTPHWa CPU 



Stockton, California 



Peoria, Illinois 



Los Angeles, California I 



Portland, Oregoi 



Spokane, Washington 



San Francisco, Cal. 



Thirty-five Years of 



Experience Behind "Caterpillar" 



Tractor Construction 



Always the right material in the right place — that is 

 one reason for "Caterpillar" Tractor superiority, de- 

 veloped by thirty-five years of Holt experience. Some 

 parts of the Tractor must be hard-surfaced, to resist 

 wear. Other parts must be tough, to withstand vibra- 

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 perience of three and a half decades has given the 

 expert knowledge of design and construction that 

 makes the "Caterpillar" Tractor the longest- lived, 

 most efficient tractor built. 



Efficiency, low operating expense, low upkeep costs 

 — these "Caterpillar" Tractor features bring bigger 

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 backed by service. The investment in such a 

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Complete information concerning the 

 "Caterpillar" Tractor sent on request. 



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4 Trains Daily 



PORTLAND TO SAN FRANCISCO 



OFFER A VARIETY OF ACCOMMODATIONS 

 OVER THE 



Scenic Shasta Route 



TO 



Sunny Southern California 



A Six Months Round Trip Ticket with Stopover Privileges 

 will enable you to visit all points of interest. 



Ask any agent for full information or write 



John M. Scott, General Passenger Agent 

 Portland, Oregon 



Southern Pacific Lines 



WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT 



