Page 26 



BETTER FRl ITT 



March 



m^. 



*& 



•S 



^Vrite Today 



for These Free^ 

 'Apple Leaflets 



Every Apple Grower should have them. Makes 



no difference whether you have a big orchard 



or only two or three trees. Tells you how to keep 



your trees free from Aphis, Red Bug and other 



insects that are becoming increasingly dangerous 



to orchards. You can kill and control Aphis with 



Black Leaf 40— Kills by Contact 



Enually effective when used separately or with other sprays as 

 directed. Endorsed and recommended by Experiment Stations and 

 Agricultural Colleges, and guaranteed by the manufacturers. 

 Don'tdelay. Get these books at once. This is the time to con- 

 trol Aphis. One killed now equals thousands later on. 

 Yoa who are interested in Vegetables, Flowers, or Fruit other 

 than Apples, should write us lor literature on these subjects. 



The Kentucky Tobacco Product Co. 



Incorporated Louisville, Kentucky 



Black Leaf 4 



■40% Nicotine 



Kills 

 Aphis, 



Big Yields — Less Labor 



To reap the greatest return at harvest time, cultivate thoroughly 

 before planting. This is the vital time for all crops. With small 

 grains it is the only cultivation. To do it with less labor requires the 



Double Action 

 B3smar Disk Harrow 



It is saving a team and a man for thousands of 

 farmers right now — and once over does the 

 work! Its light draft is noted. Equally good »^ 

 on stubble. The rigid main frame forces ^Vj 



every disk to its work; double cuts, pul- ^% 



verizes and levels the ground. Disks <^ 

 are forged sharp; dust-proof oil-soaked ^^ 

 bearings — perfect service and long ^ 

 wear. ..^ 



Write for our helpful freebook"The Soil 

 and Its Tillage," and new catalog; also 

 for name of nearest dealer selling 

 Cutaway ( Clark ) Implements. 



I 

 The « 



Cutaway Harrow Co. * 



61 Main Street ^ 



Higganum, Connecticut *» 



Maker of the original CLARK ap 

 Disk Harrows and Plows. 



APPLES PEARS ORANGES 



For European Distribution. 

 Boxed Apples and Pears a Specialty. 



GERALD DA COSTA 



100 & 101, Long Acre, Covent Garden, London, W. C. 2, England 



Cables: "Geracost, London." Codes: A.,B. C. 5th Edition and Private. 



Shipping Agents: Lunham & Moore, Produce Exchange, New York. 



tree lightly or even severely without 

 changing its shape in the least. As a 

 matter of fact most training effects 

 sonic change in function and most 

 pruning effects some change in form. 

 Nevertheless, it will simplify an analy- 

 sis of the facts and make easier the 

 reaching of correct conclusions if the 

 two operations are kept separate in the 

 mind. 



It has been stated that this article 

 deals with pruning and not training. 

 At this point it will be well to call at- 

 tention to the fact that pruning neces- 

 sarily must consist in a thinning-out or 

 a heading-back of new or old wood, or 

 both. That is pruning is necessarily of 

 one or another or both of two kinds. 

 The difference between these two kinds 

 of pruning is pretty well explained by 

 the terms used to indicate them. Head- 

 ing-back removes a part of a limb or 

 branch or shoot, leaving more or less of 

 a stub from which new growth may 

 reasonably be expected to spring. Thin- 

 ning-out removes entirely a limb or 

 branch or shoot, leaving no stub from 

 which new growth may spring. Thin- 

 ning-out cuts off down to a larger limb 

 or branch or to a strong lateral. It is 

 with the different results attending 

 these two operations that we shall now 

 concern ourselves. 



Heading vs. Thinning Shoots 

 The first effect of any ordinary prun- 

 ing operation is to reduce the number 

 of buds, the number of active growing 

 points. Let us see how equally severe 

 heading and thinning operate in this 

 respect. For example, a 50 per cent 

 thinning, a thinning that removes one- 

 half of the shoots, would remove just 

 one-half of the buds. An equally severe 

 heading would remove one-half of the 

 lateral buds on each and every shoot 

 and all of the terminal buds. This 

 would result in a somewhat greater 

 total bud reduction than the thinning, 

 incidentally preventing any new shoot 

 growth arising the following year from 

 terminal buds. However, this differ- 

 ence in the number of buds left follow- 

 ing these two kinds of pruning is com- 

 paratively small. 



Careful experimental work indicates 

 that the total amount of new shoot 

 growth produced by a headed shoot is 

 on the average not greatly different 

 from that which would have been pro- 

 duced by the shoot if it had not been 

 pruned. In other words, heading an 

 individual shoot is neither much of a 

 stimulus to, nor a check upon, new 

 shoot production. Varieties vary con- 

 siderably in this regard, but in general 

 the statement will hold. Furthermore, 

 thinning of shoots does not tend greatly 

 to make those remaining produce much 

 more new shoot growth than they 

 otherwise would have produced in the 

 unthinned tree. In some varieties thin- 

 ning tends to increase the number of 

 new shoots for each old one remaining, 

 but they generally remain enough 

 shorter so that the total amount of new 

 growth remains about the same. The 

 general effect of these two kinds or 

 methods of pruning upon the new shoot 

 growth of the tree, then, is to reduce it 



WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT 



