ipi8 



BETTER FRUIT 



Page 23 



late irrigation regardless of the size of 

 the fruit. 



Large apples command the highest 

 prices and growers are naturally anx- 

 ious to produce a maximum of the large 

 sizes and hence the practice of pouring 

 on the water late in the season to 

 "swell" the fruit. This is a positive 

 abuse of water. If the variety is sus- 

 ceptible to bitter pit the apples are ren- 

 dered more susceptible. All varieties 

 when grown to excessive size are no- 

 toriously poor keepers. As a rule the 

 larger the apple the shorter is its 

 storage life. 



The result of another abuse of water 

 on trees is found in winter injury. 

 There are two types of winter injury, 

 both more or less dependent on soil 

 moisture. The first type is found in 

 cases where irrigation is continued late 

 in the fall, continuing a state of vigor- 

 ous wood growth until freezing weather 

 is encountered. In this case the new 

 wood is not allowed to mature and 

 harden enough to withstand the low 

 temperatures and the tender growth is 

 killed. Another type of winter injury 

 is found in cases where the trees are 

 allowed to dry out too early in the 

 fall, — when irrigation is discontinued 

 too soon. Last year this type of injury 

 was quite common in certain parts of 

 the Okanogan country. It appeared 

 most frequently on trees growing on 

 open gravelly knolls and where irriga- 

 tion was suspended as early as Septem- 

 ber 1. Nearby trees on heavier soil 

 and those which had received later irri- 

 gation showed no signs of injury. 



Possibly much of the foregoing dis- 

 cussion is an old story to most of you, 

 but it cannot be emphasized too often 

 that in the use of irrigation less rule of 

 thumb and more intelligent application 

 of established principles will bring best 

 results. If irrigation were more often 

 considered for its effect on the health 

 of the trees and not merely as a neces- 

 sary substitute for natural rainfall we 

 would have fewer mysterious tree ail- 

 ments. I venture to say that not one 

 grower in a hundred uses a soil auger 

 to determine the adequacy of his irri- 

 gation, and that not many more have 

 any other reliable means of knowing 

 what the soil-moisture conditions in 

 their orchards may be. It is a very im- 

 portant matter and one that should not 

 be left to guess work. 



In preparing this article I was asked 

 to take up the subject of "collar rot," 



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Smoked salmon, 20 lbs. net 3 25 



Dried True codfish, 10 lbs 1 . 50 



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In Yz lb., 1 lb. and 3 lb. cans; a 



table spoonful— one centos ivort/i — 



makes a cup. 



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San Francisco 



I 



Ground 

 Chocolate 



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Rid your place of squirrels, gophers, prairie dogs, etc. Do 

 it now when the young ol these crop-destroying pests are 

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 of moisture to 



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WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT 



