191 5 



BETTER FRUIT 



Page 31 



order to acquaint the grower with the 

 nature of thie disease, its efTects, and 

 methods of control, the following state- 

 ment is issued by Mr. D. C. George, 

 assistant plant pathologist of the Ex- 

 periment Station at Pullman: 



Apple anthracnose, or black spot 

 canker, manifests itself as a twig and 

 branch canker on the apple and pear, 

 and as a storage rot on the fruits of the 

 apple and quince. The twig and branch 

 form appears as dark colored, sunken 

 areas or cankers in the bark of the 

 younger growth. It is especially inju- 

 rious on branches under two or three 

 inches in diameter, only occasionally 

 being found on the thick bark of the 

 larger branches. Frequently several of 

 these cankers coalesce and completely 

 girdle the branch. Young trees are 

 sometimes killed by this girdling. The 

 young cankers begin their development 

 in the fall, usually about the first of 

 November. They appear on the bark as 

 small circular spots, reddish brown to 

 black in color. Beneath these spots a 

 water soaked appearance is noticed, 

 which extends to the cambium layer. 

 During the winter months development 

 is retarded, but becomes vigorous with 

 the renewed activity of the host in early 

 .spring. As the spots enlarge they be- 

 come elliptical in shape, more or less 

 depressed and smooth, and the bark 

 dries and slightly cracks at the advanc- 

 ing edge. The cankers are mature in 

 size by the last of June or a little later 

 and vary from one-quarter of an inch 

 to six inches in length by one-quarter 

 of an inch to live inches in width. 

 About this time small elevations or pus- 

 tules, more or less conical in shape, 

 appear in the cankered area. Later, 

 about midsunnner, these pustules crack 

 open and expose the spore-bearing mass 

 of fungous tissue. In the late autunm 

 the cankered area is separated from the 

 healthy tissue by a slight ridge due to 

 the formation of callus. When the 



I 



BUY AND TRY 



White 

 River 

 Flour 



MAKES 



Whiter, Lighter 

 Bread 



At 



SAN FR/INCISCP 

 EXPOSITION 



Mogul 8-16 Oil Tractor 

 $675.00 Cash f. 0. b. Chicago 



THE small-farm tractor is here to stay. 

 Farms even smaller than 100 acres are 

 rapidly being equipped with Mogul 8-16 oil 



tractors. Since thtir introduction, the great plant at 

 Chicago has been turning out these machines by the 

 thousands and is still behind orders. 



There is only one reason for this unprecedented demand. 

 Tractor farming pays. Horse boarders are cut down to the 

 small number required for cultivating and the few other jobs for 

 which tractors cannot be used. The plowing, disking, seeding 

 and harvesting are finished without relation to the effect of 

 weather on horses. Costs are reduced all 'round. Net farm 

 profits are higher. Tractor farming jiays well on small farms 

 when the work is done with a Mogul 8-16. The longer you put 

 off buying one, the more money you lose. 



The Mogul and Titan lines include larger tractors to 30-60 

 H. P., all operating on low grade oil fuel, and a fullline of general 

 purpose oil engines, from 1 to 50-H. P. in size. See the local 

 dealer who handles these machines or write us for full information. 



International Harvester Company of America 



(incorporated) 



Crawford, Neb. Denver. Col. Helena, Mont. Portland, Ore, 

 San Francisco, Cal. Spokane, Wash, Salt Lake City, Utah 



Ridley,Houlding&Co. 



COVENT GARDEN, LONDON 



Points to rememher when consigning 

 apples to the Loudon Market 



1.— We Specialize in Apples 



2.— All Consignments Receive our 

 Personal Attention 



3.-The Fruit is Sold by 

 Private Treaty 



CABLE ADDRESS: BOTANIZING, LONDON 



WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT 



