Pa 're S 



BETTER FRUIT 



Jaiiiiarx 



Figure •12 — A closer view of ;i porti.)n of the top of the tree sliown in Figure 

 41. It shovs the tendency of iinli<';i'le<l shoots to develop laiKe iuiiid>eis of 

 fruit spuis. Noliee llial ;i ^pUi- h:is developed from ucarlv cveiv node ini the 

 tvo-year-old wood, -.wmX this in Ihi- top of a youuR tree ol"a vallely noTinally 

 sloi\ in eonunj; into beai'ing 



aviTiigc per ci'iit of infestation of side 

 worms is IG.8%, iind tlie iiveragc for 

 the eight who delayed this spray is 

 31.1%. The number of moth sprays 

 ikning the season averaged 3..") appli- 

 calions. Six and seven-tenths ((>./) gal- 

 lons pel- tree was the average for the 

 foinieen orchards at each application. 



At Wenatchee the inspector made a 

 survey of 33 orchards with an acreage 

 of 437^2 acres. Of this number thirtx 

 sprayed before the calyx closed, using 

 power outfits with pressure ranging 

 from 175 to 250 pounds. There were 

 three growers who repeatetl the calyx 

 spray in ten days. For the 33 orchards 

 the percentage of calyx worms at har- 

 vesting time was 2.2%. Three of these 

 growers did not spray for the first 

 brood of worms, twenty were right ami 

 ten wrong in the date of aijplicalion. 



For the second brood ten did not 

 spray, seventeen were right and six 

 wrong in the date of ajiplication. Seven 

 sprayed during the first half of August. 

 Mildew sprays were (|uite generally 

 used during the season in combiiialion 

 with lead arsenate. Two farmers used 

 atomic sulphui-, one used Black Letif 

 Id. seventeen iiseil iron s-.tljihi le and 



nine used no materials in combiiialiDii 

 with lead. Of these orchards twent.N- 

 nine were spra>ed throughout the sea- 

 son with Bordeaux type nozzles, eight 

 were calyx spra\ed with Bordeaux 

 nozzles, and cone nozzles were used in 

 later sprays. Four used A'ermorel 

 nozzles for all sprays. Six brands of 

 lead were used at the average strength 

 of 2.1 ijounds per 50 gallons of water. 



At ]3icking lime the average percent- 

 age for these thirty-three orchards was: 

 calyx wormy 2.2% ami 22.8% side 

 worms. Of these orchards seventeen 

 were clean cultivated and sixteen had 

 cover crops. In seven of these or- 

 chards the spraying for first brood of 

 worms was delayed until the crop of 

 alfalfa could be cut and taken out of 

 Ihc way. Nine of these farmers did not 

 allow the cover crop to interfere with 

 Ihc time of spraying i'or the first brood 

 of worms. The mmiber of moth sprays 

 dining the season averaged 2.!) apjilica- 

 lions pel- orchard. Five and four- 

 Icnths (5.11 gidlons per tree per appli- 

 cation was the average for the 33 

 orchards. 



In making the following summaries, 

 ligurcs were laken I'l-om 7!) orchards in 



all pai-ts of Yakima Countx', from the 

 Selah and Xaches to (Irandview. Some 

 orchards on which records had been 

 taken were not used in the summaries 

 for obvious reasons. One or two were 

 discarded because, on account of their 

 location, surrounded as they were by 

 uncarcd-foi- orch;n-ds, they could witji 

 Ihc uliiiost dillicullv be kejit clean, even 

 with the mosi ellicient spraxings. Some 

 of the orchards in the upper Selah Val- 

 lc\ and on Tieton Ridge were dis- 

 carded because they were young or- 

 (liards, surrounded either by other 

 Noung orchards or isolated so that even 

 with no spra.xing they could not be as 

 bad as some other orchards in less 

 ftivorable locations would be with sev- 

 eral sprays. The object was to get a 

 fair summarv which would show the 

 average conditions where codling moth 

 exists. I'rom my own obsei-vations as 

 well as from Ihe figures obtained, I am 

 positive that the chief reason for the 

 unsuccessful work of tlie growers of 

 Ihe Yakima A'alle\- is, first, lack of thor- 

 oughness in spraying, the second fail- 

 ure to spra>' at the right time: 



CALYX S1>«AY. 



Ised at Ihe right time 7") 



Vsed too late 2 



LATER SPRAYS. 



Ised al Ihe right time .-ifl 



Ised at the \\ rong time 48 



Pel- cent of calyx worms \\iiere calyx spT-a\- 



was used at right time ' ". o.f, 



l'<r cent of calyx worms where calyx spray 



was not used at light time " .3.0 



Per cent of side worms where later sprays 



were used al right lime ". . 5.1 



Per cent of side worms where later sprays 



were used at w rong lime * .20..-? 



I*er cent calyx worms where ju'essure was 



up lo standard in calyx si>ray 0.7 



Per cent cal> x worms where pressure was 



loo \ii\\ in calyx spray 1. | 



In lliese records the percentage of 

 calyx worms is very low, but doubtless 

 would have been consitlertibly hirger if 

 there had been any wa>- of computing 

 the number of calyx worms in the 

 apples which dropped and those that 

 were taken olf in the course of thin- 

 ning. 



Twenty-live orchards were survexed 

 in the Caslimere district, comprising 

 321.5 acres. Of this number twenty- 

 one sprayed before the calyx cups 

 closed, and four were late in applxing 

 this spray. Power outfits in each case 

 were used and pressure ranged from 

 150 to 300 pounds. Two orchards were 

 sprayed again within len da\s nf Ihe 

 calyx spraying. Six were right in 

 spraying for the first brood of worms, 

 eleven were wrong and eight did not 

 spray. For the second-brood spiay, 

 four were right, seven were wrong and 

 fourteen did not spray. Ten used iron 

 sulphide and one Black Leaf 40 in com- 

 bination with lead arsenate. Seven 

 spra>ed f'lr moth during August. The 

 average number of gallons per tree was 

 4.7. Twent>-foui- of these orchards 

 -vx-ere sprayed with Bordeaux type of 

 nozzles and one used \'ermorel for all 

 sprays. Four used cone Ivpe of nozzles 

 for later sprays. Four brands of lead 

 were used at the average rtite of 2.1 

 pounds per 50 gallons. .\t picking time 

 this fall llie :iverage iiei-centage of in- 

 fection for the 25 orchards was: 2.02% 

 of cal>x worm\ for liftcen orchards 



