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PORTI^AND. ORE. 



Oldest and largest independeni 



wholesalers of farm machinery 



in the Pacific Northwest. 



The greatest value of the grain woiikl 

 be to check over-vigorous trees that 

 are not bearing, but which should be 

 producing commercial croi)s. 



\Mien marketing conditions are right, 

 the hog represents one of the best 

 propositions for the fruitgrower to 

 consider. This is especially true in 

 M'estern Oregon, where abundant crops 

 of turnips, vetch, rape, etc., can be 

 grown as winter pasturage and where 

 the soil will stand such pasturing. The 

 hogs are turned ofT in the spring. 

 Where cheap grain, such as wheat 

 screenings can be procured, hogs have 

 been pi-oduced very satisfactorily by 

 some of our orchardists. Where sum- 

 mer pasturage must be resorted to, the 

 question is a little more complicated 

 and the grower is often forced to un- 

 load his pork on a very poor market. 

 However, in some of our experiments 

 we have secured very satisfactory re- 

 sults. In a test which we tried at the 

 Umatilla Experiment Farm, at Hermis- 

 ton, the following results were secured: 



For the purpose of determining the 

 comparative value of alfalfa hay and 

 pasture produced by ecpial areas of land 

 planted to orchard, one-half acre of 

 four-year-old alfalfa was taken. The 

 soil and stand of plants were uniform 

 and no grading was done preparatory 

 to seeding. The tract was equally 

 divided into one-fourth-acre fields, one- 

 half being set aside for the production 

 of hay and the other fenced for pastur- 

 ing. The pasture plat was divided into 

 two parts of one-eighth acre each. A 



small shelter and water barrel were 

 placed at one end of the dividing fence 

 in such manner that by changing the 

 free end of one panel from one end 

 to the other of the shelter they could 

 be thrown into either of the plats. 

 Owing to the flume leading to this land 

 being small, water could not be applied 

 to the entire experiment at one time, 

 but it was irrigated regularly at inter- 

 vals averaging about twelve days in 

 length. New furrows were made in the 

 hay ground after each crop was re- 

 moved, and in the pasture jjlats before 

 each irrigation. Four crops of hay 

 were cut from one-fourth acre, which 

 yielded as follows: First crop. May 

 22, 848 pounds; second crop, July 6, 

 838 pounds; third crop, August 3, 534 

 pounds; fourth crop, .September 28, 430 

 pounds. Total 2,6.50 pounds, or 5.3 tons 

 to the acre. A yield of 5.3 tons is con- 

 sidered huge for coarse sandy soil not 

 influenced by ground water. 



The first lot of hogs purchased for 

 use in this experiment were farrowed 

 September 15, 1913, making them 104 

 days old. They were from the first 

 litter of a young Duroc sow. The sire 

 was of the large type Poland China 

 and both parents were of good breed- 

 ing. Hogs of the second lot were very 

 similar in ever respect to those of the 

 first. Although not large for their age, 

 they were thrifty and in good flesh 

 when put on the pasture. Total num- 

 ber of days alfalfa was pastured, 190; 

 number of hog days for one acre of 

 alfalfa, 3,040; total pounds pork pro- 



duced by one-quarter acre of alfalfa 

 with addition of grain equals 573, 

 which is e(|uivalent to 2,292 pounds to 

 the acre. At seven cents this amounts 

 to $1G0.44. After deducting .$28.25, the 

 cost of 1,883 pounds of grain (rolled 

 barley) fed at .f.30 a ton leaves .$11.86 

 to the credit of one-quarter acre of 

 alfalfa. This equals a rate of $47.44 

 an acre for the alfalfa by pasturing 

 under the above conditions which were 

 no more favorable than are found on 

 several farms on the project at the 

 present time. At $7 a ton, which is 

 the sale price of loose hay, an acre 

 income of $37.10 was received. The 

 value of each ton of hay in terms of 

 alfalfa used as pasture, in view of the 

 above results, would amount to $8.95. 

 At $7 a ton for hay, and $8.95 a ton for 

 hay when used for pasture, gives an 

 increase in value of $1.95 a ton, or 

 $7.80 an acre for pasture over that of 

 hay. During one week in April small 

 amounts of alfalfa were cut from an 

 adjacent field and fed to the hogs on 

 account of cool weather checking the 

 growth of forage on the pasture plat. 

 No record was kept of the quantity 

 used, but as it was very small it would 

 make only a slight dilference in results 

 of the experiment. 



In the above figures no estimate or 

 consideration is made of the compara- 

 tive labor requirements in producing 

 hay or pasturing. From the farmer's 

 Ijoint of view the pasturing gives a 

 better distribution of labor and, if 

 some what more expensive in amount 

 required, being more evenly dis- 

 tributed, would, on many farms, be 

 cheaper than the irregularity and in- 

 convenience of gathering haying crews 

 for short ijcriods of service. The value 

 of retaining the organic matter result- 

 ing from grain fed and forage pro- 

 duced upon this land and having it 

 well distributed over the surface in 

 the form of manure is an item of con- 

 siderable impoitance in this district. 



All that can be gained in buying 

 grain in quantity is clear profit. In 

 order that the greatest profit can be 

 had from pasturing, grain (which is 

 necessary for maxinnim returns) should 

 be bought directly from the producer 

 and in large quantities. ^Vllere a re- 

 turn of $47.44 an acre was got for 

 alfalfa pastured by feeding grain at 

 $30 a ton, a saving of $37.68 would 

 have been made by feeding grain at 

 $20 a ton, and an acre return of $85.10 

 realized. l<"iom 1.5 to 2.5 pounds of 

 grain should be fed daily for every 

 100 jiounds of live weight. One and 

 one-half jxiunds, or 1.5 per cent was fed 

 in this experiment. For the comfort, 

 protection and health of the animals 

 substantial shelter should be afforded 

 and the quarters kept clean and well 

 disinfected. Fresh water and some 

 form of mineral matter should be kept 

 available at all times. A combination 

 of soft coal, or charcoal, salt and a 

 small amount of sulphur, kept in a 

 small trough in the lot, is valuable to 

 keep the animals in .good thrifty con- 

 dition. The grain should be fed twice 

 a day and the animals fre<iuenlly 



