Page 14 



BETTER FRUIT 



April 



The Best and Cheapest 

 Way to Spray 



is to use Sherwi'i-Williams Dry Powdered 

 Insecticides and Fungicides. Easy to ship 

 and handle. No water to freeze or dry out. 

 Scientific mixtures that quickly kill insects 

 and fungus without injury to foliage. 



Arsenate of Lead 1 All in 



Fungi-Bordo Dry Powdered 

 Tuber-Tonic J Form 



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ROCHESTER, N. Y. 



six weeks after the calyx spraying, 

 although precocious moths can be 

 found during blossoming time. Al- 

 though there is considerable variation 

 in dating the first and second sjjrayings 

 owing to (luctuations in spring weather 

 year after year, yet by the time of the 

 second brood the seasons average up 

 with remarkable consistency. For in- 

 stance, during four years at North 

 Yakima the first worms of the second 

 brood have hatched on July 19th, 

 which fixes that as the calendar date 

 for the third spraying. Therefore 

 spraying dates for the third and sub- 

 sequent applications, once determined, 

 can be relied on in the future. 



We have repeatedly had perfect re- 

 sults when using one pound of jiaste 

 arsenate of lead to every fifty gallons, 

 and have even carried the dilution to 



one to seventy-live without lowering 

 the efiicicncy of the spray. When the 

 application is thorough two or more 

 pounds to fifty gallons seem to gain 

 nothing. Freciuently apples whitened 

 with spray become excessively wormy. 

 It is not a concentrated spray, but a 

 careful, uniform, thin coating that 

 counts. Indeed, theoretically an in- 

 crease in concentration might produce 

 a decrease in efficiency owing to the 

 selective feeding habits of the newly- 

 hatched worms. By the same reason- 

 ing the poorer results following a com- 

 bination spray can be accounted for, 

 because the minute worms plausibly 

 refuse to eat such unnatural and dis- 

 tasteful materials as bordeaux spray, 

 lime, sulphur preparations, tobacco, 

 soai) or oils. By way of sununary con- 

 clusion, the fight against the codling 



moth hinges on the calyx application. 

 Whatever the method of spraying, 

 whether high or low pressure, or misty 

 or coarse spray, the calyx application 

 should receive the closest attention, for 

 what is left undone then cannot be 

 corrected by later applications. 



Black Spot on Baldwin Apples 



\ correspondent from .Slatington, 

 Pennsylvania, writes the Department 

 of Agriculture asking the cause of 

 small brown spots that run almost to 

 the core in the Baldwin and King 

 apples. Zoologist H. A. Surface an- 

 swers as follows: 



"Your Baldwin apples are evidently 

 affected b> the disease know as Bald- 

 win spot. This is a black spotting that 

 attacks the Baldwin and also the Jon- 

 athan. It is in part prevented by 

 spraying two or three times during the 

 summer with the bordeaux mixture. 

 Spray with bordeaux and arsenate of 

 lead just after the blossoms fall, and 

 again a month later. Use one pound 

 of arsenate of lead, three pounds of 

 bliies'onc and four pounds of fresh 

 lime in fifty gallons of water. 



"I am aware that some claim that 

 this cannot be prevented by spraying, 

 but the Department of .\griculture has 

 done this in some of the demonstration 

 orchards in this state and has had con- 

 spicuous and excellent results." 



The "Why" of Gasoline Prices 



Supply- ol' crude oil increasing .6 of 1 per 

 cent; consumption of gasoline increasing 27 

 per cent. Put very briefly, this is the why 

 and ^^herefore of the advance in gasoline 

 prices. It is the ^\orking of the inevitable law 

 of snjjply and demand. In ('.alifornia oil 

 fields last year there was an actual falling off 

 in crude-oil production of over 14,000,000 bar- 

 i-els. The United Stales Geological Survey 

 shows that the total 1915 production of crude 

 <ul increased only ,H of 1 per cent over that 

 of the previous year. And yet 500,000 auto- 

 mobiles were put into use in the United States 

 in 191.") and increased the gasoline consump- 

 tion, f^^Y automobiles alone, fully 27 per cent 

 over the consumption in 1911. Meanwhile 

 thousands of gasoline engines and tractors are 

 being put into service on our farms and 

 ranches and depleting the available gasoline 

 snijply. 



The January issue of the National Petroleum 

 News — the organ of the independent pro- 

 ducers — estimates that at least a half million 

 new automobiles and trucks will be sold this 

 season, so that in a few months not less than 

 three million cars will be consuming gasoline. 

 That will require a 30 per cent increase in 

 gasoline production in order to maintain even 

 the present balance between supply and 

 demand. 



Thus far this year production has run con- 

 siderably less than normal. .Just as was the 

 case last year, the United States government 

 suits against ojierators on inipalented lands 

 is greatly limiting jiroduction and the severe 

 January storms which wrecked hundreds of 

 rigs in the California fields has further re- 

 tarded production. The California .State Min- 

 eralogist estimated a daily average loss in 

 production of 40,000 barrels as a result of this 

 storm damage. 



Improved carburetors and improved meth- 

 ods of refining petroleinn will luuloubtedly 

 lelieve the gasoline sitiuition from time to 

 time, but in the final analysis the price of 

 gasoline will be determined by the way the 

 country's crude-oil supply keeps up with the 

 ever-growing demand for gasoline. Just at 

 present nature and the government are com- 

 bining to limit the supiily. Time may change 

 all this and in the meantime we of the Pacific 

 Coast can congratulate ourselves that we live 

 handy to the California fields, where oil is 

 still ilowing fast and where we gel prices that 

 are still several cents a gallon below the 

 Eastern average. 



