Page 40 



BETTER FRUIT 



February, ip^o 



Fruit Insect Control 

 Continued from page S. 

 market or cooking purposes, tlic iiifcstnlion 

 l>eing discovered first wlien tlie nmRSiils which 

 liavc deserted the fruit are found on the bot- 

 tom of the container. The aihilt tlies feed 

 more or less before egR laying and, it is staled, 

 can be killed if the foliage is kept covered 

 with a poison spray. A good spray for this 

 pm-pose is arsenate of lead paste 2\ pounds 

 (or 1^ pounds of the powder), cheap molasses 

 IJ gallons, and water to make 50 gallons. The 

 llrst application should be given in early .June 

 ami occasionally repeate<l during tlie succeed- 

 ing three or four weeks, ilepending upon the 

 rains. Some cherry growers report that it i.s 

 unnecessary to sweeten the sjjray. 



Cherry leaf-hcclle — The cherry leaf-beetle oc- 

 ciu's sometimes in enormous numbers in the 

 northern and more eastern states, attacking the 

 foliage and fruit of the cherry, and to a less 

 extent the foliage of the peach. A careful 

 lookout should be kept for the beetles, and 

 upon their first appearance trees should be 

 sprayed with arsenate of lead at the rate of 

 5 pounds of the paste (or 2i pounds of the 

 powder) to 50 gallons of water. The addition 

 of IJ gallons of molasses to the spray is said 

 to increase its effectiveness. 



PLUM INSECTS. 



Several of the insects injurious to the peach, 

 already considered, attack also the plum, as 

 the San Jose scale, the terrapin and other le- 

 canium scales, the plum curculio, the peach 

 borer, etc. See "spraying schedule" for con- 

 trol of plum curculio and brown-rot. 



Plum apliicis — Three species of plant-lice are 

 common on plums and often require treatment. 

 These winter on the trees in the egg stage, the 

 aphids hatching in the spring about the time 

 the buds are breaking, and later may become 

 very nunu'rous. In localities where injury is 



Exposure's After- Effects 



RHEUMATIC Twinges, Sore Muscles, 

 Stiff Joints, and all other external 

 aches and pains — are quickly relieved 

 by an easily-made application of Sloan's 

 Liniment. Put in on, don't rub, for it 

 penetrates and scatters tile congestion, 

 and soon a soothing, comforting, warm 

 relief comes to the afflicted part. 



Three sizes — the larger the bottle the greater 

 tlieecoDotny — 35c.. 70c, $1.40. 



Sloan's 



__Keep li liandv 



^^^135^ 



i by (roSI when the Bcil 



BURBANK TOMATO 



In earliness, productiveness, size, shape, color, 

 flavor, solidity and all desirable qualities it is par 

 excellent. Will st.ind ahead of all in popularity 

 when better known lor both home and market use. 



Order early as stock is very limited and sold in 

 packets only. Packet o\ 100 seeds, 20 cents; 3 (or 

 50 cents; 7 for SI. 00. 



Catalogue of other sterling novelties and spec- 

 ialties. Free. 



ISAAC F. TILLINGHAST 

 _Sm<1 ids i^m Cnmti SANTA ROSA. CALlf 



usual each year trees should be sprayed as the 

 buds are breaking, as described for apple 

 aphids. Otherwise it will be sullicient to spray 

 when the aphids are actually troublesome, 

 using 10 per cent nicotine sulphate, three- 

 fourths of a pint to 100 gallons of soapy water, 

 or in the self-boiled lime-sulphur mixture anil 

 arsenate of lead spray described in the spray- 

 ing schedule. 



(JRAPE INSECTS. 



CONTBOLLED BY SUM.MKB SPRAYING. 



Grape-berry moth — In late summer grape 

 berries are often found infested by an active, 

 greenish caterpillar about three-eighths of an 

 inch long, the larv;e of the grape-berry moth. 

 It is at present destructive in northern Ohio 

 and to a less extent in portions of the Chau- 

 tauqua and Erie grape belts. First-brood lar- 

 va; feed on the blossom or young fruit clusters, 

 and those of the second brood injure the green 

 and ripening berries, often so soiling the 

 bunches that they nmst be carefully picked 

 over by hand before marketing. The insect 

 is well controlled by an arsenate of lead spray 

 of :i pounds of paste (or IJ pounds of powder) 

 to 50 gallons of Bordeaux mixture, applied by 

 the "trailer" method just after the blossoms 

 have fallen, and again two weeks later. 



Grape rootworm — The presence of the grape 

 rootworm in vineyards is shown by chain-like 

 feeding marks of the adult beetles on the foli- 

 age. The larva' consume the fibrous roots of 

 the grape and eat out furrows in the larger 

 roots, stunting the growth of the vine, so that 

 the foliage becomes yellowish, and the fruit 

 may shrivel and fall. It is a serious pest in 

 the Erie-Chautauqua and northern Ohio grape 

 districts and requires annual treatments to 

 keep it reduced below injurious numbers. Since 

 the beetles feed on the leaves during early 

 summer and before egg laying to any extent, 

 they may be controlled by the use of arsenical 

 sprays applied in Bordeaux mixture, as for the 

 berry moth, as described in the spraying 

 schedule. 



Grape leafhopper — The grape Icafhopper is a 

 small, agile, whitish insect, with red and yel- 

 low markings, often noted as abundant during 

 summer on the lower surface of grape leaves. 

 It feeds by sucking juices from the leaves, and 

 its punctures cause the foliage to become 

 blotched with white and later to turn brown, 

 and many of the leaves fall from the vines. 

 This injury inteiferes with the proper ripen- 

 ing of the fruit and prevents normal vine 

 growth. The insect is a pest of much import- 

 ance on American varieties of grapes through- 

 out the country, generally, and especially in 

 the Great Lakes district, and also on vinifera 

 varieties in some regions of the west. It is 

 controlled by the use of one-fourth pint of 40 

 per cent nicotine sulphate to 50 gallons of 

 soapy water or Bordeaux mixture. The first 

 application should be made when the wingless 

 hoppers or nymphs of the first brood are pres- 

 ent in large numbers (in the north this will 

 be in late June or early July), as can be de- 

 termined by examination. The nicotine should 

 be used in the arsenate of lead and Bordeaux 

 mixture spray, described in the spraying 

 schedule, and the "trailer" method of applica- 

 tion followed. Much care is necessary in 

 spraying to hit the insects on the lower sur- 

 face of the leaves. 



Rose-chafer — In some sections of the country 

 the long-legged, yellowish-brown beetles, about 

 one-half inch long, known as rose-chafers, 

 often put in appearance in large numbers about 

 the time of blossoming of the grape, roses, 

 and many other garden flowers, stripping the 

 plants of blossoms and foliage. They feed 

 upon a large variety of plants, and when very 

 abundant do much damage in spite of treat- 

 ment. Thorough spraying upon first appear- 

 ance of the beetles is recommended, using 

 arsenate of lead, 5 pounds of the paste (or 2i 

 pounds of the powder) for each 50 gallons of 

 water, repeating the application as necessary 

 to keep the plants coated with poison. Hand 

 picking of beetles in the early morning may 

 be practiced on a small scale, and bagging 

 choice plants with mosquito netting also may 

 be resorted to. 



Grape leaf-folder — Grape leaves are often 

 rolled or folded over by an active, grass-green 

 caterpillar about three-fourths of an inch long, 

 the so-called grape leaf-folder. Within the 

 folded leaf the larvae eat out the soft leaf sub- 

 stance, and when numerous may cause more 

 or less defoliation of the vines. The larvje of 

 the first brood appear on the vines in early 

 summer. Well-sprayed vineyards are not seri- 

 ously troubled by the leaf-folder, and its in- 

 juries are usually confined to the home vine- 

 yard. Spraying the vines with arsenate of lead 

 when the larvae are first in evidence will keep 

 them in check. Hand picking of infested 

 leaves or crushing the larvjE in the folded 

 leaves is practicable where only a few vines 

 are involved. '....* 



Kight-spotted forester — The caterpillar of the 

 moth known as the eight-spotted forester feeds 

 on grape foliage and is sometimes nnich com- 

 plained of locally. The full grown caterpillar 

 is about ]J inches long with transverse black 

 and orange stripes or bands, and there is a 

 distinct hump near the hind end. Larvae are 

 present on the vines from early June until 

 about .\ugust. They nuiy be controlled by the 

 use of arsenate of lead, as described for the 

 grape Icaf-foIder. 



Grapevine flea-beetle — A small, steely blue 

 beetle often attacks the swelling buds of the 

 grape in the spring. The larvaj of the beetles 

 later feed upon the foliage. Where injury by 

 this pest, known as the grapevine flea-beetle, 

 has been prevalent or is to be expected, vines 

 should be sprayed, as the buds ar swelling, 

 with arsenate of lead — 3 pounds of paste or 

 15 pounds of powder to 50 gallons of water 

 or fungicide. This insect usually is kept in 

 check by the arsenate of lead used in the first 

 and second applications. This destroys the 

 larvae. 



GP.APE SPRAYING SCHEDULE. 

 Firsf application — About a week before the 

 blossoms have opened, or when the shoots have 

 become 12 to 18 inches long, spray with Bor- 

 deaux mixture 4-4-50 for fungous diseases, 

 adding 2 to 3 pounds of arsenate of lead paste, 

 or one-half that quantity of the powdered 

 form, for the flea-beetle, the rose-chafer, etc. 



Second application — Just after the blossoms 

 have fallen spray with the same materials as 

 in the first application for the same fungous 

 diseases and insects and for the grape-berry 

 moth, grape Icaf-folder, and adults of the 

 grape rootworm, by the "trailer" method. 



Third application — About two weeks later 

 use Bordeaux mixture 4-4-50, arsenate of lead 

 paste 2 to 3 pounds, 40 per cent nicotine sul- 

 phate i pint, to 50 gallons of spray mixture, 

 for fungous diseases, berry moth, eight-spotted 

 forester, grape leaf-folder, grapevine aphis, 

 grape rootworm, and grape leafhopper. To de- 

 stroy the leafhopper, direct the spray against 

 the lower surface of the leaves. To control the 

 berry moth, thoroughly coat the grape bunches 

 with the spray by the "trailer" method. 



Fourth application — About ten days later, or 

 when the fruit is nearly grown, if black-rot or 

 mildew are still appearing, spray with neutral 

 copper sulphate or verdigris (acetate of cop- 

 per) at the rate of 1 pound to 50 gallons of 

 water. 



CUP.RANT AND GOOSEBERRY INSECTS. 



CONTBOLLED BY WINTER OB DORMANT SPRAYING. 



The San Jose and certain related scales arc 

 frequently present in injurious numbers on 

 currant and gooseberry plants, the first men- 

 tioned especially often requiring treatment. 

 Winter strength lime-sulphur solution is ef- 

 fective and should be used as directed for the 

 control of this insect on fruit trees as already 

 given. 



CONTBOLLED BY SUMMER SPBAYING. 



Imported currant worm — The imported cur- 

 rant worm when full grown is about three- 

 fourths of an inch long, uniformly green, but 

 yellowish at the ends. Young larvae are cov- 

 ered with black spots and the head is black. 

 They attack both currants and gooseberries, 

 appearing on the plants shortly after the leaves 

 are out in the spring, feeding at first in col- 

 onies but later scattering over the plants. Cur- 

 rant worms are varocious feeders and quickly 

 strip the plants of foliage, hence treatment 

 should be given promptly upon their tliscov- 

 ery. Another brood of larvae appears in early 

 summer, and some seasons there may be a 

 partial third brood. These insects are de- 

 stroyed readily with an arsenical, sprayed or 

 dusted over the plants. Effort should be made 

 to destroy the first brood and prevent later in- 

 jury. In treating the second brood when the 

 fruit is ripening, powdered hellebore should 

 be used, diluted 5 to 10 times with flour or 

 air-slaked lime, or as a spray, 1 ounce to 1 

 gallon of water. 



Currant aphis — The currant aphis curls the 

 terminal leaves of the currant and gooseberry, 

 especially the red currant, its presence result 

 ing in little pits or pockets on the lower leaf 

 surface. A reddish color usually develops on 

 the upper surface of injured leaves, which Is 

 visible some distance away. This aphitl is 

 easily controlled by spraying the plants as the 

 leaf-buds are opening in the spring, thus de- 

 stroying the young stem-mothers. The 40 per 

 cent nicotine sulphate-soap spray should be 

 used, or kerosene emulsion or fish-oil soap 

 wash. In spraying later in the season the 

 liquid should be directed against the insects 

 on the lower surface of the leaves. 



WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT 



