Page 6 



BETTER FRUIT 



March, IQ20 



cide. Lead arsenate is valiuibk- not only 

 as an insecticide but in increasing the 

 elTcctiveness of tiie I'linMicidc. 



A fourth application, in wliidi the 

 same fungicide is used and at the sanie 

 slrcngth as in the preceding applica- 

 tion, should usually follow the "calyx 

 spray" within ten days or two weeks, 

 in order that the protection of the rap- 

 idly growing fruit may be continued. 

 In a dry sprin.g, however, this applica- 

 tion is less important and may be omit- 

 ted. Lead arsenate should again be 

 ; d<led to the fungicide, to control chew- 

 ing insects. 



The last spray which is generally re- 

 quired should be applied about a month 

 after the "calyx spray." Either lime- 

 rulphur solution, diluted 1 to 40, or bor- 

 deaux mixture (3-3-50) may be used, but 

 the latter is reconuiiended for this ap- 

 plication because of the tendency of 

 sulphur sprays to cause injury to fruit 

 and foliage when used during hot wea- 

 ther and intense sunlight. For summer 

 pears, such as the Bartlett, no later 

 spraying ordinarily is necessary in this 

 region, but in the case of varieties that 

 are not picked until after the fall rains 

 begin it is essential to .spray again be- 

 fore the rainy period is expected. 



By systematically following the spray- 

 ing schedule here described and con- 

 cisely outlined in the table it has been 

 possible to reduce the loss from pear 

 scab to an amount almost negligible 

 from a commercial standpoint as seen 

 in Figure 7. 



Insect Pests 

 There are several insects which cause 

 a great deal of damage to pears in West- 

 ern Washington and Oregon. The meth- 

 ods of controlling these insects vary, 

 and it is therefore essential that the or- 

 chardist know what insect is damaging 

 his trees or fruit before attempting to 

 remedy the trouble. Otherwise he may 

 be spending his time and trouble for 

 nothing. 



The table given with this article sum- 

 marizes the control measures recom- 







I-iriH, 7--Si\Uiii buKcs of clean pears an,l ,uic I.uk of scabby and injured pears from three 

 sm-aved trei4 T be iiOurics from scab and the synela leaf beetle in the box shown were almost 

 neetl^lble f n'm a -on mercial standpoint, the fruit sulTering no discount at lie cannery. In con- 

 trast to his three unsprayed trees yielded nine boxes of clean pears and six boxes of scabby and 

 nlured peals Thrin^uredfiuit on the nnsprayed trees was so bad that it ^vas discounted one- 

 •" '^ third at the cannery. 



mended for pear scab and insects for 

 the coast regions of Washington and 

 Oregon and shows when and with what 

 materials to spray. 



Since it is not always necessary to 

 apply all of the five scab sprays or to 



SPRAYING SCHEDULE FOR PEARS IN WESTERN WASHINGTON AND OREGON. 



Application and Time 



Materials 



Lime-sulphur, 32° Baume, 1 to 8. 



Dormant spray. Apply when tree is 

 dormant, preferably in spring. 



r Lime-sulphur, 32° Baume, 1 to 20, or 

 First scab spray (delayed dormant). ! Bordeaux mixture 4-4-50. 

 'X;iy wEen''buds''are bursting I ] Lead^ --,"«;- ^powder,^! po^vmd, o. 



spray. 



' Lime-sulphur, 32° Baume, 1* or 2 to 

 50, or Bordeaux mixture, 4-4-50. 

 Lead arsenate, powder, 1 pound, or 

 paste, 2 pounds, to 50 gallons of 

 [ spray. 



(Figure 5). 



Second scab spray (pink spray). 

 Apply when blossom buds are 

 well separated (Figure G). 



Third scab spray (calyx spray). 

 Apply as soon as most petals have 

 fallen (Figure 7). 



Fourth scab spray (10-day spray). 

 Apply 10 days or two weeks after 

 calyx spray. 



Fifth scab spray (30-day spray). 

 Apply 30 days after calyx spray. 



Pest Controlled 



r Lime-sulphur, 32° Baume, 1 to 40. 

 I Lead arsenate, powder, I pound, or 

 I paste, 2 pounds, to 50 gallons of 

 [ spray. 



r Lime-sulphur, 32° Baume, 1 to 40. . . 

 Lead arsenate, powder, 1 pounds, or 

 1 paste, 2 pounds, to 50 gallons of 

 [ spray. 



i Bordeaux mixture, 3-3-5, or Lime- 

 sulphur, 32° Baume, 1 to 40. 

 Lead arsenate, powder. 1 pound, or 

 paste, 2 pounds, to 50 gallons of 

 spray. 



San Jose scale and 

 pear leaf blister 

 mite. 



Pear scab. 



Bud moth. 



Pear scab. 

 Bud moth. 



Pear scab. 



Syneta leaf beetle 



and pear leaf 



worm. 



Poar scab. 

 Syneta leaf beetle 

 'and pear slug. 



Pear scab. 

 Pear slug. 



spray for all the insect pests mentioned, 

 a distinction has been made in the table 

 between the more, important and the 

 less important applications. The more 

 important applications are printed in 

 heavy type, namely, the dormant spray, 

 the second scab spray, the third scab 

 spray, and the fifth scab spray. The 

 materials to be used and the pests con- 

 trolled by these sprays are also indi- 

 cated by heavy type. Under most con- 

 ditions these four sprays should be ap- 

 plied to insure maximum returns from 

 the trees, and it is believed that a con- 

 sistent spraying program involving the 

 use of these four applications will suf- 

 fice in most cases. In orchards that have 

 been neglected or carelessly sprayed 

 it will be necessary to include the 

 first .scab spray until the disease is 

 brought under better control, and in a 

 wet season the fourth scab spray should 

 also be included. The various insects 

 whose names appear in light type are 

 more numerous in some seasons than in 

 others or occur more commonly in some 

 localities than others. Hence local and 

 seasonal conditions will have to deter- 

 mine whether or not they should be 

 sprayed for. 



