Page 28 



Use of Powder in Blasting, Etc. 



Continued from page 8. 



In the first place, the purpose of 

 blasting is not to supplant the spade. 

 It is possible to dig the hole with ex- 

 plosives, just as a hole may be exca- 

 vated for a fence post. But the real 

 object of blasting is to mellow the 

 subsoil and make root growth and 

 spade digging easy. 



The orchardist must take into ac- 

 count the fact that by loosening the 

 subsoil in a thorough manner, the 

 moisture from the rains can soak in 

 quickly, not only immediately around 

 the spaded out hole, but the fine 

 cracks radiating in all directions from 

 passageways for the further absorp- 

 tion of water. They carry the life-giv- 

 ing moisture to great depths and store 

 it there, to be brought out again by 

 capillarity during the dry seasons for 

 the sustenance of the tree. Our rec- 

 ords show that the yearly saving in re- 

 placement and replanting costs in 

 young orchards more than balance 

 any expenditure for explosives. 

 How To Do the Work. 



Laying Out the Orchard. — The 

 places to set the trees or other plants 

 are selected and marked by a stake, 

 or better, if the field is large, by fur- 

 rows plowed to indicate the exact lines 

 for the trees, and crossed at the proper 

 intervals by other furrows to indicate 

 the spacing in the rows. Sometimes a 

 heavy cord or light wire stretched 

 across the field will materially assist 

 in laying out the orchard. 



^Vhen to Blast. — Blasting for tree 

 planting is best done in the late sum- 

 mer because it is easier to catch the 

 subsoil in a dry condition, but blasting 

 in the spring for spring planting, al- 

 though the subsoil is apt to be wet or 

 damp, is nevertheless much better 

 than planting in dug holes. It should 

 be done as many days ahead of plant- 

 ing as possible, to get the effect of air 

 and sunlight in the hole. 



Examine the Soil. — The exact nature 

 and depth of the subsoil should be 

 known in order that the explosive may 

 be used to the very best advantage. 



The only way to know this is to go 

 down and see. Do not stop at the sur- 

 face, but go down four or more feet. 

 Using a good soil augur is the best 

 and easiest way to test out a subsoil, 

 but if one cannot be had, dig a hole. 

 Another way is to blast out a lest hole 

 and examine each layer of the soil. 

 This is not so good as the other 

 methods, as the blast so disturbs the 

 subsoil that it is hard to tell just what 

 the original condition was. 



How Deep to Blast. — There are 

 many different kinds of subsoil, but 

 those illustrated by the drawings are 

 the most common. If the arrangement 

 of the soil is like that in illustration 

 "A," Fig. 1, place the explosive well 

 down into the clay and destroy any 

 shallow plow sole with a good plow. 

 The best depth for blasting in such 

 soil is usually from thirty to thirty- 

 six inches. 



In soils like the one represented in 

 "B," Fig 1, place the charge toward 

 the bottom of the hardpan so that the 



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TRESPASS 



NOTICE 



Anyone found trespassing on 

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 to the full extent of the law 

 II, Owner 



-r-yflTi 



it 



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ADDRESS 



Outwest Supply Co. 



PORTLAND. OREOON 



Ridley,Houlding&Co. 



COVENT GARDEN, LONDON 



WE ARE 



Specialists in 

 Apples and Pears 



CABLE ADDRESS: !BOTANIZING, LONDON 

 Codes: A. B. C. 5th Edition and Modern Economy 



WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT 



