March, Ip20 



BETTER FRUIT 



Page 77 



Canners Celebrate Centenary 

 of Canning 



By Frank Gorrell, Secretary National 

 Canners' Association 



THE National Canners' Association 

 recently celebrated the centenary of 

 canning at their annual meeting which 

 was held at Cleveland. Ohio, at which 

 there were in attendance several thou- 

 sand members. The growth of the can- 

 ning industry, which is carried on in 

 the United States on a larger scale than 

 in any other country in the world has 

 been remarkable. 



Canned food was unknown on this 

 continent until one hundred years ago 

 Ezra Daggett and Thomas Kensett of 

 New York, succeeded in canning or 

 packing in a crude way salmon, lob- 

 sters and oysters. Meanwhile, in Bos- 

 ton, William Underwood and Charles 

 Mitchell, using heat, which we now call 

 sterilization, in 1820 succeeded in pack- 

 ing some damsons, quinces, cranberries 

 and currants. 



Credit for the discovery of the 

 method of keeping perishable food by 

 heat and sealing in air tight containers, 

 however, belongs to a Frenchman, 

 Nicholas Appert. Appert, stimulated by 

 an offer from Napoleon of 12,000 francs 

 to anyone who would discover a 

 method of conserving fresh food so that 

 he could improve the diet of his troops, 

 after fifteen years of experimenting, in 

 1810, discovered the method of using 

 heat to preserve food in sealed jars. 

 Appert, however, never understood the 

 scientific basis of his discovery, nor 

 did succeeding canners have any clear 

 idea of why the process worked, until 

 after the great bacteriologist, Louis 

 Pasteur, discovered bacteria. 



Using Pasteur's discovery. Prof. H. L. 

 Russell of the University of Wisconsin, 

 in 1895 found that the spoilage certain 

 pea canners were having was due to 

 bacteria which resisted their process 

 and that higher temperature of sterili- 

 zation was necessary. Professor Rus- 

 sell's experiments were confirmed in 

 1896 by Professors Prescott and Under- 

 wood of the Massachusetts Institute of 

 Technology. 



In 1840, Baltimore began the canning 

 of oysters and in 1841 Maine started its 

 sardine industy. It was not, however, 

 until 1856 that canning began on the 

 Pacific Coast. The first canning factory 

 in the center of the country was estab- 

 lished in 1860 for feeding troops in the 

 Civil War. 



More than three billion cans of food 

 canned under modern American meth- 

 ods, were used to feed our own troops 

 in the American Expeditionary Forces. 

 It is largely due to the American can- 

 ning industry that American diet can 

 follow the flag wherever our soldiers 

 and sailors protect our rights, or wher- 

 ever American pioneers blaze new 

 trails for American aciivities. 



To the improvements developed by 

 modern canning science every family 

 owes its ability to get succulent food 

 the year around; to have fish far from 

 the fishing banks, to enjoy meats away 

 from production and to have milk for 

 adults an despecially the babies in cow- 



Ijui-piutjJ 



IAmmi 



iONIA 



TOP DRESSING TALKS, No. 5 



Which Source of Nitrogen is Best? 



The advantages of Arcadian Sulphate of Ammonia 

 are: 



High Production: Pound for pound of nitrogen, 

 Arcadian Sulphate of Ammonia will produce as much 

 crop or more than any other nitrogenous top-dress- 

 ing. It's dependable. 



High Concentration: Arcadian Sulphate of Ammonia contains 

 one-third more nitrogen than any other top-dressing. This 

 lowers cost of handling, hauling and storing. 



Quick Availability: Arcadian Sulphate of Ammonia acts quickly. 

 The moisture in the soil immediately dissolves the crystals. In 

 many cases a change in color of the foliage of plants has been 

 noted within three days after application. 



Non-Leaching: The ammonia is absorbed by the organic matter and 

 by other soil constituents, and is not easily washed out, even from the 

 lightest soils. It is made available by the same conditions of warmth 

 and moisture that cause plant growth, and this acts as a reservoir of 

 plant food in the soil, yielding a regular supply of nitrogen as it is 

 needed. 



Fine Mechanical Condition: The crystals of Arcadian are fine and dry. 

 There is no appreciable absorption of moisture and it does not cake 

 into hard lumps. This makes application easy and assures even dis- 

 tribution by hand or machine. No labor is required for grinding or 

 screening. 



These with other important advantages, including low price, make 

 Arcadian the supreme top-dressing fertilizer. As a feeder of plants, it 

 is quick, enduring and satisfying. 



Write for bulletins on the proper use of 



ARCADIAN 



Sulphaie of Ammonia 



Sulphate of Ammonia is the well known standard article that has done you good service 

 in your mixed fertilizers for years past. 



Arcadian is the kiln-dried and screened grade, made fine and dry for top-dressing pur- 

 poses. Ammonia 26^% guaranteed. Made in U. S. A. It is "The Great American 

 Ammoniate." 



FOR SALE BY 



CALIFORNIA: San Francisco, Hawaiian Fertilizer Co., Pacific Bone Coal & Fertilizing Co., 

 Pacific Guano & Fertilizer Co., Western Meat Co., California Fertilizer Works; Los Angeles, 

 Pacific Guano & Fertilizer Co., Pacific Bone Coal & Fertilizing Co., Agricultural Chemical 

 Works, Hauser Packing Co., Hawaiian Fertilizer Co., Ltd., Southern California Fertilizer Co. 

 OREGON: Portland, Swift and Co. 



For information 

 as to amplication, 

 write 



The ^^^0 Company 



Agricultural 

 Department 



510 First National Bank Building, Berkeley, Cal. 



WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT 



