September, ipip 

 Specific Results in PoUenating 



Continued from page 5. 



also be noted that tlie favorable show- 

 ing for the trees receiving cross-polli- 

 nation was made in spite of the fact that 

 this orchard lost much of its fruit as a 

 result of the ravages of pear blight. 



Recommendations. 



From a study of the experimental 

 data secured and also as a result of the 

 observation and experience of many 

 orchardists of the state, the conclusion 

 is inevitable that all Bartlett orchards 

 should be provided with facilities for 

 cross-pollination. 



The question at once arises as to 

 what variety shall be selected as a 

 pollinator. For foothill locations where 

 the bulk of the crop is offered for 

 "green" shipment this question is prob- 

 ably not diflicult to answer. In these 

 places the Anjou, Bosc, Cornice, Howell 

 and Winter Nelis are all excellent pears, 

 bringing prices ctiual to or better than 

 the Bartlett for Eastern shipment. These 

 varieties may not perhaps give an equal 

 tonnage with the Bartlett, but all are 

 fair producers. The Comice should be 

 avoided in windy locations, due to the 

 fact that its skin is quite delicate and 

 mars most easily. 



In valley locations the question of 

 jjroviding cross-pollination for the Bart- 

 lett is more diflicult. The grower must 

 concede that where the set can be in- 

 creased 100 per cent or more by the 

 planting of one pollinating tree to every 

 eight Bartlctts the returns per acre 

 will still be greatly increased, even 

 though the fruit of the pollinating var- 

 iety may have little or no commercial 

 value. Although there has been no 

 thorough attempt to test the adaptabil- 

 ity of various varieties to different loca- 

 tions, the writer feels that the informa- 

 tion in hand indicates that either the 

 Hardy or the Winter Xelis will prove, 

 from all standpoints, to be the most 

 eflicient pollinator for the Bartlett when 

 grown under valley conditions. 



Where the dried fruit is a primary 

 product and where the fruit of the pol- 

 linator for the Bartletts must also be 

 dried, special difliculties are presented. 

 No experiments have as yet been con- 

 ducted in this state to determine the 

 (hying qualities of the various varieties. 

 In order to avoid the use of artificial 

 evaporators, the pollinator must ripen 

 its fruit at about the same time or 

 shortly after the Bartlett. Practically 

 all dried pears in California are sun- 

 dried. Keeping specially in mind the 

 time of ripening, the Howell and Hardy 

 varieties seem to be the best pollinators 

 for the Bartlett where the entire crop is 

 to be dried. 



Pollinating Agencies. 

 After having planted inter-fertile var- 

 ieties the orcliardisi should by all means 

 provide an agency for the transfer of 

 the ])olkn from the trees of one variety 

 lo those of another. The common honey 

 l)ee is by far the best carrier of pollen 

 and it will pay the grower to keep bees, 

 even Iho'igh he may not care to go into 

 the honey business. Bees, however, are 

 a very profitable side line for the 



BETTER FRUn 



orchardist, especially if alfalfa fields 

 are available lo work on after the 

 blooming season of fruit has passed. 

 About one hive of bees to an acre of 

 bearing orchard should be provided. 

 Preferably the hives should be scattered 

 as widely as possible throughout the 

 orchard during the blooming season. 

 Experiment and experience have shown 

 that little reliance can be placed on the 

 cfTicacy of wind and of insects other 

 than the honey bee in effecting the 

 transfer of pollen from tree to tree, or 

 in fact from flower to flower. 



Page 21 



Eliminating from consideration all 

 conditions which may influence the 

 fruitfulness of an orchard except those 

 occurring at blooming time, it may be 

 said that the set is largely influenced by 

 weather conditions at time of blooming. 

 Cold weather, aside from killing the 

 blossoms or lowering the vitality of the 

 pollen, often prevents bees from work- 

 ing. The same is true if cloudy, wet 

 and windy weather prevails. For their 

 best work bees demand clear, warm and 

 quiet days, and since the weather at the 

 time of bloom is often quite unsettled, 



iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiinirii 



IIMIItllltlllllllllll 



WHAT EVERY HOME CANNER SHOULD HAVE | 



ONE of our H.& A. Hand Power Double Seamers. i 



It is the only hand power seamer built that will seal all = 



sizes of sanitary fruit and vegetable cans. Write for prices = 



and descriptive matte^- to Department T. | 



HENNINGER & AYES MFG. CO., Portland, Ore. | 



Builders of Seamers and Steam Pressure Canning Outfits 



IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIMIIIMIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII" •■■ 



lllllllllllllllllllllltt 



APPLES 



For European 



PEARS 



Distribution 



Gerald Da Costa 



Long Acre, Covent Garden, London 



Cables: "Geracost, London." Codes: A. B. C. 5th Edition and Private 



SHIPPING AGENTS: 

 Lunham & Moore, Produce Exchange, New York 



CORRECT LUBRICATION 



Zerolene gives a better film of oil 

 between the working parts of your 

 car. It conserves power and saves 

 wear. Scientifically refined from se- 

 lected California crude oil. Get a 

 Correct Lubrication Chart for your 



car. 



STANDARD OIL COMPANY 

 (Californi?'' 



VRITIXG ADVEBTISCKS MENTTOX B..TTr.R KtUir 



