September, 1919 



BETTER FRUIT 



Page 25 



account of bitter pit, or the 45% large 

 apples secured by light irrigation with 

 2% loss on account of bitter pit, — or, 

 considering the whole crop, whether he 

 prefers the 487o loss occasioned by 

 heavy irrigation or the 1% of disease 

 occurring with light irrigation. 



In considering the remaining type of 

 physiological storage diseases, that is, 

 those diseases influenced by storage 

 conditions, we are dealing entirely with 

 the artificial conditions by which we 

 attempt to prolong the life of the fruit 

 and hold it in good condition for later 

 consumption. We store the apples either 

 in a pit or a cellar, in an air-cooled 

 storage house or in a commercial cold 

 storage plant. The general plan upon 

 which we work is, first of all, to hold 

 the fruit as cool as possible in order to 

 retard the ripening process. An apple 

 is a living, breathing organism, and so 

 long as it remains alive it is fit to eat. 

 But when it reaches the end of its life 

 it dies in a process we call physiological 

 breakdown, a process previously men- 

 tioned in connection with the troubles 

 of abnormally large apples. But aside 

 from keeping the apples cool and at the 

 same time keeping them from freezing, 

 there are some other factors concerned 

 in the successful storage of apples, fac- 

 tors which have been but imperfectly 

 understood and consequently not given 

 proper attention. Hence we find a 

 number of storage diseases which can 

 be traced to these conditions. 



From the nature of the case we 

 naturally expect that the inlluence of 



storage conditions must affect the inter- 

 nal physiology of the apple. Consider 

 the disease we call "soft scald" or "deep 

 scald," which is especially common on 

 Jonathans, Romes and other red varie- 

 ties. It first exhibits itself in a fading 

 of the skin color, the coloring matter of 

 the skin apparently passes into solution 

 and spreads into the adjacent tissue. 

 When the apples are freely exposed to 

 warm air the spots soon turn dark 

 brown, and the flesh beneath softens 

 and turns dark brown in color as the 

 spots become sunken and definitely out- 

 lined. The skin usually remains smooth 

 and tightly drawn. It appears not un- 

 like an apple that has been in contact 

 with a hot iron, and the trouble is 

 sometimes exhibited in such a manner 

 as to suggest that the apple was rolled 

 over a hot stove. Large apples seem 

 especially susceptible to soft scald. It 

 has been demonstrated that this trouble 

 is increased by an increase of carbon 

 dioxide in the storage air (brought 

 about by the "breathing" process of the 

 apples), and by higher temperatures, 

 and that a film of moisture over the 

 apples (also produced in the "breath- 

 ing") likewise favors the production of 

 this disease. Mechanical injuries and 

 bruises serve as centers from which the 

 disease starts, and it is most common 

 where apples touch each other or the 

 container. Cold temperatures and good 

 ventilation to carry away the respira- 

 tion products are to be sought for in 

 preventing this disease. 



Brooks and Cooley have demonstrated 



that Jonathan spot is a form of the 

 ordinary apple scald, or "barrel scald," 

 as it is called in the East. Jonathan 

 spot is a superficial skin disease appear- 

 ing in the form of brownish or black 



Berry Plants Wanted 



Loganberry, Burbank Phenomenal, New 

 Oregon Strawberry and Cuthbert Rasp- 

 berry. Must be True-to-Name Plants. 

 Write "M. J. M." care Better Fruit, Portland, Oregon 



NOW is the time to send to 



Milton Nursery Company 



MILTON, OREOON 



FOR THEIR 1919 CATALOG. 



FULL LINE OF NURSERY STOCK. 



"Ganuiiiaiias* and Quality" 



20 POT BULBS, 20c. 



6 New Parity Freesias. 1 Babiana.l 

 Bioomerla,4StarBethlebein, 1 Double 

 Rosebud, 3 Buttercup, and 4 Grand 

 Duchess Oxalis, and pkt. of New 

 Winter lilooming: Spercer Sweet Peas and 

 Cornatiofis twill all blotm this wJDter>— 

 Catalog and growing inatructione, 



ALL MAILED FOR 20 CENTS 



BiK catalog, free, of Hyacinths. Tulips 

 Narcissus. Peories. LilHes. Irises. Phloxes. 

 Hardy Plants, Shrubs. Vint a. hemes in 



t variety. Also splendid window plants 



.inter. Seeds, etc, 



JcLn Lewis Childs, Inc., Floral Park, N. T. 



Nice Bright Western Pine 



FRUIT BOXES 



AND CRATES 



Good standard grades. Well made. Quick shipments. 

 Carloads or less. Get our prices. 



Western Pine Box Sales Co. 



SPOKANE, WASH. 



Fruit 

 Growers, 



and isn't this true? 



One bump equals one bruise; one bruise equals the difference between Extra Fancy and 

 Fancy Apples. That difference in grade equals the difference in price from 25c to 50c a box. 



i:liminate 



that first bump by hauling your apples in a two-ton pneumatic tired 



GMC TRUCK 



Investigate CMC's at your local GMC dealer. 



Eldridge 



SEATTLE 



lOTow ctwa 



Company 



SPOKANE, 



WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FKUIT 



